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空战利器之无人机:未来战场挑大梁

2017-12-11 12:20:16   新华网

新华社北京12月11日电  空战利器之无人机:未来战场挑大梁

新华社记者赵嫣

世界军用无人机的发展在2017年可圈可点。

在新军事革命席卷全球之后,诞生于20世纪的军用无人机大放异彩。多国加快了军用无人机的研发应用进程。军用无人机以其低成本、低损耗、零伤亡、可重复使用、高机动等特征被广泛看好,将在未来战场发挥重要作用。

2月27日,中国航空工业自主研制的新型长航时侦察打击一体型多用途无人机系统--翼龙Ⅱ无人机成功首飞。牢牢自主掌握航空装备的关键技术,中国进入全球大型察打一体无人机一流行列。

俄罗斯西部军区新闻处10月底表示,为提高西部军区使用无人机作战的能力,该军区日前组建了俄军首支针对无人机实施电子战的常备军,目前对该部队“无人机猎手”的训练正按计划实施,其训练时长、水平和强度均超过一般部队。依据今年的训练计划,俄西部军区的无人机累计训练时长迄今已达500多小时,同比增加15%。

资深军事评论员马尧认为,从2017年世界军用无人机的研发和应用情况来看,未来军用无人机将呈现三大发展趋势,也就是搭载平台多元化、作战空间扩大化以及重型化和大型化,这种发展趋势将对未来战场产生重要影响。

首先,未来航空母舰将成为军用无人机的重要搭载平台。美国海军预计在未来两年可将MQ-25“黄貂鱼”无人加油机布署到航空母舰上,承担向其他舰载机空中加油的任务。

此外,未来无人机也可承担部分原本完全由“超级大黄蜂”承担的打击任务,这将使海军航空队可用的打击机队数量增加20到30%。

中国航天空气动力技术研究院彩虹系列无人机总工程师石文此前表示,在已经取得国际市场高度认可的彩虹系列察打无人机的基础上,将发展更快、更强、更多型不同用途的无人机,其高精度控制引起广泛注意,这一能力无疑满足了航母舰载使用的条件。

其次,临近空间将会成为军用无人机一展身手的舞台。临近空间指飞机飞行高度以上、卫星运行轨道以下的空域,一般高度在二十公里到一百公里之间。马尧说,随着空天一体化发展,航空空间、临近空间、太空三个战场空间已密不可分,空中作战朝着空天一体的方向发展,这一趋势也体现在军用无人机的研发领域。但目前,这些具有较大潜力的技术尚处于早期阶段。

此外,俄罗斯米格飞机制造公司代表今年11月在迪拜航展上表示,该公司正在研制重达1吨至15吨的察打无人机,其试验样机将于近年问世。这一军用无人机研发计划显示出未来的另一个发展趋势:随着军用航空发动机技术的进步以及精确制导弹药技术的演进,未来察打一体无人机将向着大型化和重型化方向发展。

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