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空战利器之战斗机:五代机引领未来

2017-12-11 12:15:15   新华网

新华社北京12月11日电  空战利器之战斗机:五代机引领未来

新华社记者杨天沐

所谓“五代机”,是媒体对当今世界最新一代战机的统称。2017年,五代机热点新闻颇多:美国最新型战机F-35部署亚太、俄罗斯苏-57战机正式获得军方命名、日本“心神”技术验证机终止试飞、中国歼-20战机参加阅兵……

业内专家认为,从发展趋势看,第五代战机将引领未来战争向快节奏化和隐形化方向发展。

 发展五代机不遗余力

美国是最早发展第五代战机的国家,也是拥有五代机数量最多的国家。目前,美军共拥有F-22战机195架,计划购买F-35战机2443架,部分已交付使用。现阶段,美军已将大量第五代战机投入使用,重点部署方向之一为亚太区域。

12月4日,韩国空军与驻韩美军启动“警惕王牌”联合空中演习,美军6架F-22战机和10多架F-35A、F-35B战机编队参演。

苏霍伊和米格战机曾撑起苏联战机的一片天,与美军同时代战机相比不落下风。但苏联解体后,俄罗斯航空工业衰落下来,直到2010年第五代战机T-50首次试飞才挣回一些颜面。今年8月,时任俄罗斯空天军总司令邦达列夫接受采访时透露,T-50已正式命名为苏-57。3个月后,邦达列夫表示,苏-57已经通过各项测试,将于2018年列装该国武装力量。

日本也不甘落后。2014年4月隐形技术验证机“心神”首飞,但“心神”的开发似乎是为了获取对美谈判筹码和技术储备。今年6月,日本三菱重工获得美国洛克希德·马丁公司授权,组装出F-35A,这是该型飞机首次在日本组装成功。对于日本来说,与美国合作获得新式战机生产能力更划算,是否继续费时费力开发国产第五代战机仍是未知数。

对于中国空军来说,2017也是一个重要年份。在建军90周年阅兵仪式上,3架歼-20战机以楔形阵列呼啸而过,首次以战斗姿态展现在世人面前。9月28日,国防部发言人吴谦证实,歼-20已列装部队。

隐形战机引领未来趋势

分析人士认为,从发展趋势看,第五代战机将引领未来战争向快节奏化和隐形化方向发展。资深军事评论员马尧总结说,第五代战机拥有4大特性:超音速巡航能力、超级机动能力、隐身能力以及超级信息优势。

由于第五代战机拥有超音速巡航能力,使其接敌速度比前一代战机更快。如果双方都是第五代战机,那么接敌时间更是大大缩短,直接造成战场攻防态势的迅速转换,加快了空战的节奏。

随着以第五代战机为代表的隐形兵器和作战平台逐步实现全天候、全天时的隐身,“隐形战场”正在形成。战机隐形技术的快速发展和广泛应用,让空中威胁变得更隐蔽,传统的防空体系面临严峻挑战。

从目前来看,反隐形技术仍滞后于隐形技术的发展。马尧认为,由于事先无法准确得知隐形战斗机何时何地出现,因而有效的措施就是构建多层次的战场动态感知系统。各国未来将通过岸基和舰载传感器、侦察机和预警机、侦查卫星和预警卫星等分别从低、中、高三个层次联合构建感知系统,以适应“隐形战场”的出现。

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