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扫除三大障碍 英国“脱欧”谈判步入新阶段

2017-12-11 09:00:16   中国经济网

英国首相特雷莎·梅8日在比利时布鲁塞尔与欧盟委员会主席容克举行“脱欧”会谈,双方就爱尔兰边界、欧盟在英公民权利、“分手费”等核心议题达成协议,这标志着双方即将开启第二阶段谈判。

分析人士指出,能够扫除三大障碍,使“脱欧”谈判取得重大突破,显现了双方的诚意和智慧。而展望第二阶段谈判,由于英国国内以及英国与欧盟之间尚存在不少分歧,因此前路仍难言乐观。

容克会谈后宣布,双方第一阶段谈判已取得“足够进展”,将向欧洲理事会建议开启第二阶段谈判。

根据欧盟会后发布的声明,在公民权利问题上,欧盟和英国将确保在英欧盟公民的权利得到法律保护,这些公民以及在欧英国公民的权利都将在“脱欧”后维持不变,欧盟将确保相关管理程序“收费低、手续简”。

关于“分手费”问题,声明重申英国同意“28个成员国所作的承诺都会得到遵守,其中包括英国”。

有关北爱尔兰边界问题,声明说:“英国承认爱尔兰与北爱尔兰边界的‘特殊情况’,并就此作出重要承诺避免出现‘硬边界’。”

欧盟首席谈判代表米歇尔·巴尼耶说:“欧盟委员会的决定是建立在对三个关键领域的成果进行真实、诚恳评估的基础之上的。在这个基础上,我们将继续推进下一阶段的谈判。”

特雷莎·梅在会谈后的新闻发布会上说:“这份协议是最符合英国利益的版本,双方谈判队伍为此付出了巨大努力,我对即将开始的第二阶段谈判表示欢迎。”

围绕来之不易的协议,英国各界褒贬不一。

英国财政大臣菲利普·哈蒙德8日在社交媒体上对协议的达成表达欣慰之情,认为这是积极的一步,为英国与欧盟谈判进程的下一步铺好路。

英国商界对协议的达成普遍持积极态度。英国商会负责人亚当·马歇尔说,经历这么多争吵和政治冒险,全英国的企业都会热烈欢迎谈判取得突破的消息。

但质疑的一方则认为英国政府准备不足,而且妥协太多,同时协议内容有模糊之处,需进一步明确。

英国独立党前任领袖、英国“脱欧”的主要推动者奈杰尔·法拉奇称,“这不是个协议,这是‘投降书’”。伦敦政治经济学院欧洲研究所研究员伊恩·贝格认为,虽然特雷莎·梅最终签下协议,但却付出过多政治资源,且协议中有不少模糊地带,比如对“分手费”具体数额语焉不详等。

分析人士指出,协议的签署对特雷莎·梅及其内阁而言是针“强心剂”,能暂时缓解其面临的国内外压力;但英国国内围绕“脱欧”的分歧并没有就此消弭,一些关键分歧甚至有所加剧,这将不可避免对下一阶段的谈判产生影响。

对于第二阶段谈判,欧洲理事会主席图斯克表示,简单的阶段已结束,困难的部分才刚开始。而英国《泰晤士报》评论称,第一阶段谈判只是“小菜”,接下来的谈判将“越来越艰难”。

分析人士指出,英国和欧盟第二阶段的谈判将聚焦贸易、安全和未来关系等议题,而这一阶段的谈判无疑将更具挑战性。

目前,从英国国内看,意见难以统一。英国自由民主党认为,虽然特雷莎·梅签了协议,但该协议不仅要面对执政党内部不同意见的冲击,还要面临英国不同派别民众以及政党政治的考验。

而从谈判双方看,英国与欧盟在贸易等议题上分歧不小。

欧盟一直指责英国在贸易等议题上立场不够清晰,指责英国既想拥有欧洲共同市场等带来的便利,又不想承担相应责任。同时,协议并未就欧洲法院的管辖权等敏感议题作出明确界定,这些模糊之处为未来谈判埋下了隐患。

英国今年3月29日正式向欧盟递交“脱欧”信函,成为首个寻求退出欧盟的成员国。根据欧盟法律,双方需要在两年内(2019年3月29日之前)完成“脱欧”谈判。

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