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综述:英国重回“航母俱乐部”

2017-11-22 13:25:14   新华网

新华社北京11月22日电  综述:英国重回“航母俱乐部”

新华社记者刘莉莉

近日,英国国防部宣布,英国皇家海军新航空母舰“伊丽莎白女王”号将于下月7日服役。这意味着英国海军即将结束历时三年多无现役航母的尴尬,重新回到“航母俱乐部”。

皇家海军最大航母

“伊丽莎白女王”号是“伊丽莎白女王”级航母的首舰,于2014年7月下水。它还有一艘姊妹舰“威尔士亲王”号,目前尚在建造中。

虽然采用传统动力,但“伊丽莎白女王”号无疑将成为英国皇家海军未来的主力。它也以6.5万吨的满载排水量,创造了英国海军航母吨位的最高纪录。

据报道,“伊丽莎白女王”号全长280米,最高航速25节。它首创“滑跳”式甲板结合电磁弹射器的新概念,主力F-35战斗机可使用弹射方式升空。由于预算不足,“伊丽莎白女王”号没有采用核动力系统,而使用了柴油动力系统。

“伊丽莎白女王”号最多可搭载40架F-35B战斗机。两栖突击模式下,可搭载18架“梅林”运输直升机、6架CH-47“奇努克”运输直升机、6架AH-64“阿帕奇”攻击直升机,或直接装载25架“奇努克”运输直升机。

不追求制空能力

军事分析人士认为,“伊丽莎白女王”级航母并不追求夺取全面制空权,而是以攻击能力为主。

资深军事评论员张浩认为,“伊丽莎白女王”级航母强调对地攻击能力,要求达到对陆攻击为主作战的演变,其目的就是与北约国家相配合,依靠北约的体系,执行对外干涉作战。

张浩介绍说,在“无敌”级航母时代,英国将舰队防空任务交给42型驱逐舰,目前英国海军则将防空任务交给了45型驱逐舰。其实英国海军一直有航母舰队制空依靠驱逐舰的历史,英国战后第一代大型航母“鹰”级就是依靠“郡”级驱逐舰来完成防空任务,但驱逐舰的制空能力显然不如航母。

稍许挽回颜面

2014年8月,英国唯一现役航母“卓越”号退役,使这个曾经的海洋强国陷入无航母可用的尴尬境地。直到如今“伊丽莎白女王”号即将服役,英国海军才多少挽回些颜面。

英国是世界上第一个设计航母的国家,曾经拥有“光辉”级、“巨人”级、“庄严”级、“半人马”级等多种型号航母,在世界航母发展史上拥有不可忽视的地位。

分析人士认为,英国海军之所以落到无现役航母可用的田地,和工党从1997年至2010年连续三届执政有很大关联。工党在建造航母上态度消极,在其执政13年间,皇家海军三艘“无敌”级航母确定退役,而新航母的建造计划却推进缓慢。

财政压力是造成上述状况的另一个原因。张浩说,面对财政状况的不断恶化,英国即便认识到航母的重要性,新的航母计划也难以为继,甚至有消息说,英国海军一度打算将“伊丽莎白女王”级二号舰“威尔士亲王”号建造完成后封存,只保留一艘航母服役。

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