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中国共享单车“骑”到海外市场

2017-11-22 09:48:23   中国经济网

11月6日~7日,ofo小黄车接连进入美国西海岸城市洛杉矶和东南部城市迈阿密,上演了一出自西向东的“双城记”。

ofo小黄车正式在北美运营的时间虽然不长,但扩张速度非常快。自今年8月17日在西雅图投放第一批小黄车以来,仅用了两个多月时间,ofo小黄车就完成了北美10座城市的布局。这意味着,美国已成为ofo小黄车覆盖范围最大的海外区域。

无独有偶。7月25日,摩拜单车宣布正式进入意大利,并于8月初正式在佛罗伦萨和米兰投入运营,每座城市初步投放约4000辆单车。

作为中国“新四大发明”之一,共享单车正迈开布局海外市场的步伐。

布局很有章法

ofo进驻的10座美国城市包括西雅图、洛杉矶、奥罗拉、达拉斯、迈阿密、华盛顿、莫尔登、切尔西、伍斯特、里维尔。10座城市紧贴海岸线与国界线,形成一条渐次延展的弧线。可见,ofo小黄车的北美扩张的战略层次清晰,即先拿下外围城市,再向国土中心辐射拓展,在北美投放保持着高速度。

ofo小黄车美国业务负责人克里斯·纳库缇斯·泰勒说:“我们期待着与更多的政府部门合作,在不久的将来继续把这项服务提供给更多的美国城市。”

除了美国,ofo小黄车此前已先后进入英国、俄罗斯、西班牙、马来西亚、新加坡等国家和地区。

ofo小黄车很擅长与进驻市场的本土文化结合来推广自己。在得克萨斯州奥斯汀举行的西南偏南音乐节上,首度参展的ofo小黄车一经亮相便吸睛无数。在波士顿举行的2017中国哈佛论坛上,ofo小黄车为与会嘉宾提供免费用车服务,其轻便好骑、绿色环保的理念受到了嘉宾用户的广泛认可和高度好评。在达拉斯,ofo小黄车加入当地万圣节活动,采用新一代智能锁为这座满溢牛仔文化的城市带来科技创新活力。在洛杉矶,ofo小黄车参与一年一度的秋季狂欢节,让当地居民和游客体验到亲近自然、充满乐趣又毫无负担的出行方式。

商务部研究院国际市场研究所副所长白明表示,共享单车凭借绿色、节约、轻便的理念在探索城市共享空间建设方面已经崭露头角。发展共享单车具有几大明显的好处:缓解交通拥堵,减少交通事故;提升空气质量,增进市民健康;削减政府开支,促进经济增长;节省出行负担,增加家庭幸福。欧美等发达国家的经济条件好,基础设施完善,社会秩序良好,人民的环保、健康观念强,很适合发展共享单车。

目前,ofo小黄车已在全球17个国家和地区展开运营,在海外市场累计投放超过3万辆单车。到2017年底,ofo小黄车将服务全球200个城市,进入20个国家和地区,“骑”出海外扩张的加速度。

方式不可简单复制

不过,共享单车出海之路的风险也不可低估。据外媒报道,由于政治方面的担忧以及像Motivate这样的美国共享单车公司已经建立起市场主导地位,ofo小黄车在短时间内可能还无法吸引多数美国消费者的关注。

摩拜单车也曾表示,并不是每个城市都适合骑单车出行,在进驻海外城市之前,应展开全面调研,并且与当地政府和交通管理部门进行沟通,了解彼此的意愿。只有当一切都合适后,才能进行尝试运营。小蓝单车也曾表示会优先考虑人口密度较大且有骑行文化或国际知名的城市,而非盲目扩张。

白明表示,共享单车出海的模式不能简单复制,而要从目标市场的实际出发,具体问题具体分析,找到契合的市场和适合的方式。比如,很多发达国家汽车覆盖率高、单车的使用频率低、用户数量少、专用道路欠缺等,都是制约共享单车投放的因素。应锁定目标人群,有针对性地拓展业务,而不要盲目贪大。

中国电子商务研究中心主任、国内首部共享经济著作《Uber:开启“共享经济”时代》作者曹磊表示,现在许多共享单车企业纷纷选择出海,而“中国智造”要想真正走得长远,需要找到合适的盈利模式。共享单车企业在发展中应注意三点:一是利用大数据合理布局,二是合理使用资金,三是尽快明确合适的盈利模式。

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