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热点问答:法国介入黎巴嫩内政 中东局势有何看点

2017-11-19 00:06:12   新华网

新华社北京11月18日电 热点问答:法国介入黎巴嫩内政 中东局势有何看点

新华社记者

日前在沙特阿拉伯访问期间突然宣布辞职的黎巴嫩总理哈里里18日应邀抵达巴黎,与法国总统马克龙会晤。尽管哈里里已经宣布辞职,但法国仍按照总理级别予以接待,显示出积极姿态。鉴于法国的介入,黎巴嫩政治危机或出现转机,而其背后的地区大国博弈更加引人关注。

  法国为何介入

目前,法国总统府尚未就哈里里和马克龙会晤一事发布新闻公报,但马克龙在推特账号上用阿拉伯语和法语发布消息说“欢迎您!欢迎来巴黎”,并上传了一段他在爱丽舍宫迎接哈里里的视频,时长12秒。

视频显示,马克龙和哈里里手拉手共同上楼,双方笑容满面,气氛十分友好。

舆论普遍指出,历史上黎巴嫩曾接受法国委任统治,两国间深厚的历史渊源以及哈里里家族和法国的密切联系都是此次马克龙积极出面的原因所在。法国国际关系研究所中东问题专家德尼·博沙尔说,法国与黎巴嫩国内逊尼派、什叶派以及基督教等政坛势力都能进行对话,法国的介入“比较有分量”。

黎巴嫩《共和国报》援引高层消息人士的分析指出,考虑到法国有大量维和士兵驻扎在黎巴嫩南部以及担心黎局势恶化导致难民危机外溢波及欧洲,这些也是法国参与斡旋的出发点。

美国《赫芬顿邮报》发表评论说,法国如果能成功斡旋这次政治危机,可赢得地区大国沙特阿拉伯更多信任,有望未来在与沙特的经贸合作中受益。

  政坛危机如何化解

黎巴嫩总统府18日在一份声明中说,哈里里当天抵达巴黎后,致电黎巴嫩总统米歇尔·奥恩,确认他将于11月22日黎巴嫩独立日当天返回黎巴嫩。

奥恩先前表示,哈里里赴法将有助于解决其辞职危机。

黎巴嫩议长府18日也发布声明说,哈里里从法国致电黎巴嫩议长纳比·贝里,表示他会跟奥恩和贝里一起庆祝黎巴嫩的独立。

另据媒体报道,黎巴嫩内政部长马什努克17日晚从黎巴嫩飞赴法国。18日晨,马什努克已与哈里里举行了会谈。

黎巴嫩教派林立,力量分散。1989年,基督教和伊斯兰教各派达成《塔伊夫协议》,就政治权力分配达成一致:总统和军队总司令由基督教马龙派人士担任,议长由伊斯兰教什叶派人士担任,总理则划归逊尼派。

观察人士指出,截至目前,黎巴嫩各派针对哈里里辞职表现出罕见的“一致对外”立场,即敦促哈里里先回国。在过去十几年,黎巴嫩微妙而脆弱的政治平衡经常出现波动,这一次危机如何演变还无法预判。哈里里回国将拉开各派真正争权夺利的序幕。

  地区局势如何演变

本月4日,正在沙特访问的哈里里通过视频突然宣布辞去总理职务。他指责伊朗及其支持的黎巴嫩真主党破坏黎巴嫩安全,并称他本人安全受到威胁。

分析人士指出,在地缘政治敏感复杂的中东地区,哈里里辞职风波牵连关系错综复杂,是中东乱局的一个缩影,其背后凸显地区大国沙特和伊朗之间的博弈。

舆论认为,沙特欲对伊朗和其支持的真主党予以打击,选项可能包括军事行动,而借口是真主党绑架黎巴嫩政治和经济等方面事务。据报道,沙特主导的阿拉伯国家联盟将于近日召开紧急会议,讨论针对伊朗干涉地区事务的对策。

沙特与伊朗矛盾由来已久,在很多地区问题上不合。长期以来,沙特一直指责伊朗支持也门境内什叶派胡塞武装组织,企图颠覆也门政权,但伊朗政府对此予以否认。(参与记者:李良勇、应强、韩冰、王波)

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