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安倍新任期难题多:修宪、丑闻、外交

2017-11-17 20:21:13   新华网

新华社东京11月17日电(国际观察)安倍新任期难题多:修宪、丑闻、外交

新华社记者王可佳 姜俏梅

日本首相安倍晋三17日发表施政演说,阐述加速修宪、对朝施压等内外政策。日媒称安倍此次演说新意不足,缺乏说服力。

分析人士认为,尽管执政联盟此前在国会众议院选举中获胜,但今后仍要面对诸多难题。安倍政权难以彻底摆脱丑闻影响,推进修宪阻力重重,与周边国家的互信也面临挑战。

 施政演说强调修宪

安倍17日下午在第195届特别国会上发表施政演说。这是安倍自2012年第二次上台以来第5次,也是今年10月底众议院选举以来首次施政演说。

安倍的演说仅有15分钟,开篇即以朝鲜半岛局势紧张为由大做文章,一方面显示其所谓推动“国际联手对朝鲜施压”的外交成绩,另一方面则为增强日本防卫能力寻找借口。

安倍还表示,下月将推出新的一揽子经济政策,推进“生产性革命”和“育人革命”,推动经济稳步增长,并克服日本现阶段最大难题——少子和高龄化问题。

安倍还特别强调应加速修宪进程,呼吁各党派“超越党派框架限制进行建设性讨论以共同前进”。

分析人士指出,执政联盟在众议院选举中获胜,修宪势力占据了国会三分之二以上席位,令安倍自觉有底气加快修宪进程。

16日,自民党修宪推进本部时隔2个多月再次召开全体会议。据共同社报道,自民党正加速整理具体的修宪条款,计划在2018年提出修宪草案。

日本《朝日新闻》认为,安倍此次演说所提到的政治课题与此前的竞选演说基本一致,并未增加新内容。共同社指出,安倍针对各项议题“缺乏具体应对措施”,令人感觉说服力有所欠缺。

 内政外交面临考验

共同社认为,尽管执政联盟在众议院选举中大胜,但安倍今后仍将面临内政外交难题,一旦其中某个问题处理不当,将有可能给政权造成打击。

首先,此前一度令安倍内阁支持率跌至30%以下“危险水域”、令安倍“独大”体制摇摇欲坠的森友、加计学园丑闻还远未落幕。14日,文部科学大臣林芳正宣布政府正式认可加计学园新设兽医学院的办学计划,再度引发各界批评。在野党方面计划在20日开始的特别国会审议环节中进一步就加计学园问题向安倍政府施压。

日本山口大学名誉教授纐缬厚认为,由于日本选举制度的问题,安倍政府虽只获得三成选民支持,却得到国会七成议席。这样的“独大”局面貌似固若金汤,实则外强中干。安倍一味强调外交成绩也正是为了掩盖森友、加计学园丑闻等国内政治问题。

其次,虽然安倍强调推进修宪,但仍面临很大阻力。不仅护宪派的在野党坚决反对,就连修宪势力内部意见也有分歧。

与自民党共同执政的公明党一贯对修宪持审慎态度。针对自民党积极推进修宪的姿态,公明党党首山口那津男在众议院选举后也公开劝其“不要急躁”。这被视为是对自民党的制衡之举。

日本时事评论员船桥洋一认为,公明党的存在具有重要意义,可以在一定程度上阻止安倍政权进一步右倾化。

纐缬厚认为,日本社会表面繁荣却暗藏贫富差距加大等现实性问题。对于民众来说,社会保障和经济重建才是关注重点,而宪法问题不应是政府的优先处理对象。尽管修宪势力表面占优,但国民反对声浪较高,再加上护宪派的立宪民主党在选举中一跃成为最大在野党,因此要想修改和平宪法这一国家根基实非易事。

再次,安倍在施政演说中不仅强调加强对朝施压,还提出进一步强化日美同盟及日本自身防卫体制,这恐将引起周边国家不安。

纐缬厚说,日本越是一味迎合美国,其与周边国家间的隔阂就会越深。日本应摆脱对美国的“从属外交”,依据和平宪法的理念与周边国家改善关系,防止矛盾进一步扩大。

纐缬厚指出,日中两国构建和平友好关系对于地区和平意义深远。两国关系最近出现积极迹象,值得欢迎。但他同时表示,安倍及其身边部分官员对于历史问题仍缺乏正确认识,首先应拿出积极正视历史的实际行动。

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