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新闻分析:菲美关系有限缓和的背后

2017-11-16 17:46:13   新华网

新华社北京11月16日电 新闻分析:菲美关系有限缓和的背后

新华社记者杨天沐

在近日举办的东盟峰会晚宴上,菲律宾总统杜特尔特拿起麦克风,为美国总统特朗普献上一曲菲律宾著名情歌。就在一年前,同样在东盟峰会,杜特尔特给美国时任总统奥巴马送去的却是一连串国骂。

同为美国总统,奥巴马和特朗普从菲律宾得到的待遇却有天壤之别,根本原因在于他们对菲律宾扫毒政策持截然不同的态度。这也成为如今菲美关系缓和的一个重要原因。

去年11月初,特朗普赢得大选后即与杜特尔特通电话。当时正值菲律宾扫毒运动轰轰烈烈之际,国内和一些西方国家对于杜特尔特扫毒政策的批评不绝于耳。

杜特尔特这样介绍他与特朗普的谈话:“他(特朗普)祝愿我的扫毒战役获得成功。他理解我采用的手段。他认为,为了保护自己的国家,这样做没错。”

今年4月底,菲美总统再度通话。特朗普再次表达了对杜特尔特扫毒的支持,称赞他取得“难以置信的成就”,并邀请他访问白宫。

分析人士认为,杜特尔特希望维持同特朗普的私人关系并在扫毒问题上获得美方支持,以对冲国内外质疑之声,特朗普则希望改善同东南亚国家关系以期在外交上有所建树。

菲律宾德拉萨列大学国际关系与政治学教授理查德·海达里安认为,特朗普上台后需要在外交上做出一些成绩,保持与东南亚国家领导人良好私人关系正是其中一项举措。此前,特朗普还邀请泰国总理和新加坡总理访问白宫。

反观2016年的东盟峰会前夕,当时媒体盛传奥巴马将对杜特尔特的扫毒行动表达不满。杜特尔特对媒体说:“他(奥巴马)以为他是谁?我不是美国人的傀儡。我是一个主权国家的总统。”

当时,美方随即取消了计划中奥巴马与杜特尔特的双边会谈。不仅如此,美国驻菲律宾大使馆当年12月发表声明,称由于扫毒引发的人权问题等,美国政府下属的千年挑战合作机构推迟对菲提供发展援助。

事实上,特朗普上台后美国国内对杜特尔特的批评依然没有平息。今年5月,美国参议员本·卡丁和马尔科·鲁比奥要求禁止美国对菲律宾的武器出口,除非“菲律宾通过法制手段解决犯罪问题”。来自美国方面的批评自然遭到了杜特尔特猛烈反击。

分析人士指出,扫毒看似是社会问题,实际上关系到菲律宾现政府的合法性和稳定性。严厉打击毒品犯罪是杜特尔特在任内发起的首个重点项目,关乎国计民生和政府威望。一旦取消这一政策,杜特尔特还将面临政敌反攻倒算的危险。

目前来看,尽管美国国内仍有对杜特尔特的批评声音,但特朗普和杜特尔特之间的良好关系成为维持美菲关系正向发展的重要因素。

长远来看,随着美国经济形势改善和特朗普执政基础变强,杜特尔特扫毒逐步常态化,两人的相互政治需求将逐渐淡化,国家层面的利益矛盾可能缓缓浮现。

分析人士指出,对美国而言,菲律宾对美军事意义大于贸易作用,但是“美国优先”政策势必限制美国对菲援助和贸易投资。而菲律宾发展对美关系的首要诉求是经济社会稳定发展,杜特尔特对美期待更多的是投资和贸易机会。

可见,美菲两国未来关系发展未必如歌声中所唱的那般“如胶似漆”。

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