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综述:日本有识之士反对安倍政府的“军学共同”路线

2017-11-16 15:51:12   新华网

新华社东京11月16日电 综述:日本有识之士反对安倍政府的“军学共同”路线

新华社记者王可佳 彭纯 马峥

针对日本政府近年来在“军学共同”路线下不断推进武器产业及民间军事技术研究的发展战略,日本有识之士近日纷纷发声反对,呼吁民众警惕军事思想及势力渗透民间。

15日晚,由市民反战团体“反对武器输出网络”主办的反对安倍政府“军学共同”路线抗议集会在东京举行,近300名民众参加了集会。

“反对武器输出网络”成员奈良本英佑代表主办方表示,在安倍政府的推动之下,“军产学复合体”在当今日本已经呈现复活态势,日本正朝着成为“死亡商人国家”的方向迈出新的步伐。本次集会旨在让人们对日本军事思想渗透民间的现状有所认识和警惕,并发声竭力阻止日本成为“意欲战争的国家”。

所谓“军学共同”路线是指政府鼓励民间学术机构、企业参与研发军事装备及技术。在二战期间,日本的海军、企业和大学曾构成“军产学复合体”,令学界和民间企业被卷入日军侵略战争罪行的深渊。

安倍重新执政后再次加大力度推进了“军学共同”路线。日本防卫省于2015年正式建立了“安全保障技术研究推进制度”,旨在为民间学术机构及企业提供经费以委托其进行可应用于防卫装备的前沿技术研究。在这一制度建立后,政府所提供的年研究预算总额经历了“三级跳”式增长,甚至在2017年激增至110亿日元(约合6.46亿元人民币),几乎达到前一年的20倍。

日本名古屋大学名誉教授池内了表示,安倍政府的“军学共同”路线助长了科学技术的军事化趋势,一旦这一趋势继续发展将使军事思想进一步渗透民间,令民间学术机构及企业的研究方向更容易被政府干涉、掌控。而他们的研究甚至有可能在无意中成为战争的助力。

日本越来越多有识之士和民众对安倍政府的“军学共同”路线有了清醒认识。2015年“安全保障技术研究推进制度”刚刚建立时,曾有58件预算申请来自日本大学,而在新安保法正式实施的2016年,这一数字则大幅下降至23件。2017年,这一数字继续保持了下降趋势。

池内了认为,民众不希望看到学术研究受到军事化侵蚀,来自学术机构的申请数量急速下降与有识之士的反对及市民的反战情绪有着直接关系。他呼吁人们进一步发声,用实际行动阻止“军学共同”路线的继续推行。

另外需要人们注意的是,2014年4月,安倍政府内阁决议通过“防卫装备转移三原则”以代替原有的“武器出口三原则”,大幅放宽了日本长达数十年对外输出军备和技术的限制。有分析指出,安倍政府解禁武器输出限制之后,更是公然发展武器行业,作为安倍经济学的一大“成长战略”。

日本反战团体“反对武器输出网络”代表杉原浩司表示,安倍政府积极推进武器装备及军事技术的出口战略,甚至将一些武器无偿提供给部分东南亚国家,这样的做法与原有的“武器出口三原则”中“不助长纷争”的理念背道而驰。而被称为“战争法”的新安保法的通过则使日美两国军事一体化进程不断加速,增加了日本民间技术在不受监管的情况下被应用于军事用途的隐忧,令人不得不警惕。

日本宪法学者、学习院大学教授青井未帆认为,原有的“武器出口三原则”对武器装备及技术出口进行严格限制,这一规定虽非来自宪法,但却有近似宪法的性质,而政府却并未经过国会审议和民众讨论的应有环节就擅自对其进行修改替换,这样的做法“名不正言不顺”,现在,民众的反对及不认同完全是合情合理的。

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