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枪击案频发 美国到底怎么了

2017-11-06 17:20:58   新华网

新华社北京11月6日电 (全球热点)枪击案频发 美国到底怎么了

新华社记者

5日发生在美国得克萨斯州南部小城萨瑟兰斯普林斯一教堂的枪击事件,已导致包括袭击者在内的27人死亡,成为美国迄今最严重的教堂枪击案。

枪击案频发已成美国社会难以消除的痼疾。泛滥的枪支成为行凶者唾手可得的凶器,而暴力文化则是诱发行凶者犯罪的隐性因素。

  【新闻事实】

得克萨斯州官员弗里曼·马丁介绍,当地时间5日上午11时20分许,目击者看到黑衣枪手德文·凯利开车来到教堂附近,穿过马路后在教堂门口开枪,随后进入教堂朝人群扫射。当他要离开教堂时,一名当地居民抓住他的枪支并与其搏斗,随后凯利弃枪开车逃离教堂。警察赶到时,他已在车中死亡,自杀还是被击毙目前尚不清楚。

事发后,警方在教堂内发现23具遗体,在教堂外发现2具遗体,另有1人在被送往医院途中身亡。死者年龄介于5岁至72岁之间。袭击者之前曾在社交媒体发布枪支照片并出言不逊,还被披露“上过军事法庭并于2014年被开除军籍”,其作案动机仍在调查中。

  【深度分析】

这是一个多月来美国再次发生的一起严重恶性枪击事件,枪支泛滥问题已成为美国国内最大的安全隐患。

特朗普上台后强调“美国优先”,其中也包含美国安全优先,尤其是美国国内安全优先。为此,他在移民、边境管理上力推许多新政策。目前看来,仅仅防控外部风险的思路无法消除美国国内制度不完善带来的安全问题。

可以预见,这次枪击案将再次掀起美国国内有关枪支管控的大讨论,但能否因此催生有效控枪的政策仍是疑问。美国公民的持枪权利受到宪法修正案的保护,加之美国全国步枪协会等利益集团不断游说,控枪任重道远。

美国国内枪支管控措施缺位,导致枪支泛滥问题迟迟得不到解决,也凸显了美国政府无力有效协调各方意见的现实。

  【第一评论】

得克萨斯枪击事件距拉斯维加斯枪击事件才一月有余,离万圣节卡车撞人袭击不到一周。在这三起严重袭击中,枪手都有暴力和易怒的性格。

警方描述拉斯维加斯案的枪手帕多克“易怒,焦虑,自认为是个坏人”;曼哈顿案的赛波夫在邻居眼中“性情大变,走向极端”。

枪支泛滥是造成悲剧的一个显性因素,而政府有关教育及社会辅助的缺失、对暴力文化传播监管不力等,都为暴力事件埋下了种子。

美国全国反电视暴力联盟2014年的调查显示,美国家庭影院有线台的节目中,86%含有暴力;美国电视网台的节目中85%含有暴力内容。

美国文化中存在的暴力美学,长期以来通过影视作品等媒介扩散传播。黑帮、以暴制暴的警察、超级英雄等,成为流行影视作品中不可或缺的元素和主题。从荧屏中找到灵感的射击和打斗游戏,也充斥着暴力元素。

各方在争论控枪问题之余,恐怕要也要想想如何改变社会文化中的“暴力基因”。

  【背景链接】

美国联邦调查局定义,造成4人以上遭枪击的单起枪击事件,即为重大枪击事件。美国枪支暴力统计网站“枪支暴力档案”数据显示,截至11月5日,美国今年已发生307起重大枪击事件。近年来,美国发生多起伤亡严重、性质恶劣的枪击事件,主要包括:

2017年10月1日,拉斯维加斯市曼德勒海湾酒店发生的枪击事件造成至少59人死亡,527人受伤。

2016年6月12日,佛罗里达州奥兰多市一家夜总会发生枪击案,造成包括一名枪手在内的至少50人死亡,53人受伤。

2015年6月17日,南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿市一名白人枪手袭击一座黑人教堂,造成9人死亡。证据显示,该枪击案与种族仇视有关。(记者:高路、夏文辉、柳丝;编辑:杨天沐、葛晨、包尔文)

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