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研究员在印尼发现新猩猩物种 系时隔90年重大发现

2017-11-06 10:45:57   中国青年网

据日本NHK电视台报道,一支由英国、瑞士和印尼等国共同组成的国际研究团队称,他们在印尼的苏门答腊岛发现了新的猩猩物种。这是时隔90年,人类再次发现新的大型灵长类物种。

该研究团队说,他们之所以判定这种“达巴奴里猩猩是新的猩猩物种,是因为和生活在岛上的其他猩猩相比,它们的头骨更小,毛色更接近茶色,基因的排列顺序也与其他的不同。

另外,因为森林砍伐等原因,这里的环境遭到破坏,估计这一物种的总数不足800只,研究团队正积极寻求对他们的保护措施。

上次发现大猩猩、黑猩猩等灵长类物种还是在大约90年前,对灵长类十分了解的京都大学校长山极寿一表示:“发现新的猩猩物种这件事,让我很惊讶。这对于我们研究人类的起源是很重要的。我很期待通过对这一物种的社会和行为的研究,能够探明它们更多的特征。”

濒临灭绝的类人猿

作为人类近亲的灵长类生物,“类人猿”包括大猩猩、黑猩猩、倭黑猩猩和猩猩。加上这次发现的新的猩猩物种,类人猿物种就增加到了7种。

因为类人猿有着极高的智商,而且集体生活,所以它们是最接近我们人类的生物,也在探索人类进化史上占有着很重要的地位。

但是,野生类人猿正面临着灭绝的危险。

由世界各国的野生生物学家组成的ICUN(世界自然保护联盟)列出的“濒危物种红色名录”中,已被认定的6种类人猿,都被评估为“极危”或“濒危”等级。

其中,在过去的20年间,因为环境破坏和偷猎等原因,生活在非洲刚果和乌干达的东部山地大猩猩减少了7成以上。在2016年9月,评估结果将这种猩猩的等级由“濒危”提升到了“极危”水平。

根据山极校长的说法,类人猿的产子数要少于人类,所以一旦数量减少,想要再恢复到正常水平,需要花很长时间才能实现。另外,因为它们的肠胃功能不及猴子,对环境的适应性也要差些。

开发破坏了他们的栖息地,加上战乱和以食用为目的的偷猎行为,导致类人猿濒临灭绝。“现在,世界上的类人猿大多正面临危机。” 山极校长说,“我希望更多的人能够了解,类人猿随时都可能从地球上消失。”(实习编译:赵爽 审稿:马丽)

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