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F-35A首次部署亚太 打造“隐形作战能力之弧”

2017-11-02 16:45:58   中国日报网

此次美国加大在西太平洋地区的军力部署力度,很明显就是给其地区盟友吃定心丸,消除对美国的疑虑。

F-35A首次部署亚太 打造

资料图:F-35A闪电II隐形战斗机(图源:新浪网)

据美国《防务新闻》报道,10月30日下午,美军两架F-35A闪电II隐形战斗机抵达日本冲绳嘉手纳空军基地,首次以战斗形式派驻海外,开启了该型战机在西太平洋地区部署的先河。据悉,未来美军还将派遣10架该型战机,以及约300名飞行员将从位于犹他州希尔空军基地的第34战斗中队前来汇合,使得在亚太地区部署的F-35A最终达到12架。

构建“隐形作战能力之弧”

目前,由于在亚太地区潜在对手还未普遍部署隐身战机,因此美国的F-35战机从某种意义上可以被视为一种战略威慑武器。据美空军官员表示,本次部署计划是美军太平洋司令部“战区合作”项目的一部分,部署期为6个月。而在此之前,2017年1月,美军已经向日本派遣了一个中队16架的F-35B战机,陆续部署在驻日美军岩国海军陆战队航空站,并于8月31日、9月18日和10月11日与美军在关岛部署的B-1B战略轰炸机一同飞抵朝鲜半岛上空,展开飞行演习和实弹轰炸演练,显示了强大的作战能力。

作为美国目前最先进的第五代战机,F-35战机非常注重跨国跨域联合作战能力,是一款真正意义上的全球战略攻击机型。正如太平洋空军司令部司令特伦斯·奥肖内西上将所说,“F-35A的部署能补充空中优势,使我们的战斗机编队拥有前所未有的全球精准打击能力”。近年来,让该型战机和飞行员熟悉重要战略方向的空中态势一直是美空军关注的重点。此次美国向日本部署F-35战机,将会使其在亚太地区的空中作战体系围绕F-35重新布局,形成一个以五代机为主体的“隐形作战能力之弧”。

显示维护地区安全与稳定责任

特朗普上台后,奉行的是“美国利益第一”的全球收缩战略,一直要求美军减少对盟友所承担的防务责任,甚至宣布要取消奥巴马时期的“亚太再平衡”战略,引起了包括日本、韩国在内的亚太盟友的强烈不安。

但实际上,特朗普政府对亚太地区的重视程度有增无减,不仅从数量上继续增加亚太海空兵力,而且从质量上也保证了新装备一研发即优先部署亚太。例如,2017年朝鲜半岛局势骤然紧张以来,美国向半岛轮番派出B-1B、F-22、F-35B等先进战机,以传递震慑信号。而美军此次将F-35A部署到嘉手纳空军基地,声称就是针对东北亚半岛不断恶化的安全形势,以随时做好应对军事冲突的准备。

F-35A首次部署亚太 打造

资料图:位于冲绳的嘉手纳空军基地

此次美国加大在西太平洋地区的军力部署力度,很明显就是给其地区盟友吃定心丸,消除对美国的疑虑,并取得了良好效果。近日,日本防卫大臣小野寺五典就表示,“针对复杂的安全环境,(F-35A的部署)一定程度上展现了美军对该地区稳定和安全的持久承诺”。

为特朗普亚太外交攻势增加砝码

此次美军向日本派遣F-35A战机选择的时机非常微妙。据媒体报道,特朗普将从11月3日开始对亚洲实施为期12天的访问之旅,访问国家依次为日本、韩国、中国、越南、菲律宾等,可以说是刮起了一股强大的外交旋风。

从特朗普的外交风格来看,一直视武力为坚强后盾,在其角逐总统宝座伊始就对军事力量表现出格外的重视,不仅推动了近7000亿美元的军费预算获国会通过,而且还不惜斥巨资着力推进军事力量规模的扩大。而此次为了配合特朗普访问亚太,美军也采取了一系列措施来显示其强大“肌肉”。

F-35A首次部署亚太 打造

资料图:西奥多·罗斯福号航空母舰

10月28日,美军宣布将在西太平洋地区部署3艘航母并展开大规模联合军演,包括常驻西太平洋的“里根号”、正从美国西海岸赶来的“罗斯福号”,以及从波斯湾东行的“尼米兹号”,超过20000名水兵、200架军机以及数十艘宙斯盾巡洋舰和驱逐舰。而就在10月30日美军向日本派驻F-35A的当天,美军还派遣了1架B-2隐身战略轰炸机飞抵西太平洋。这些军事部署成为美军近年来极为罕见的西太军事力量快速聚集,也形成了自冷战后美军在亚太地区为配合总统出访进行的最大规模军事造势,其目的就是通过增强军事存在和威慑力,为特朗普得亚太外交攻势提供充足的威慑砝码。

总体来说,此次美军向日本派驻先进的F-35A战机,毫无疑问可极大增强美军在亚太地区的空中力量,使得驻日美军具备空中攻击、支援和运输等多维战术能力,完全有能力在西太平洋海域实施一场小规模的“空海一体战”。但是,对于日本来说,所产生的实际意义并不太大。由于其国土狭窄,空中防御对飞机的性能要求主要是突出防空截击性能,F-35A虽然被划为第五代战机,具备隐身性等特点,电子设备也十分先进,但却不具备超音速巡航能力,爬升率等指标也不好,并不适合防空截击作战,因此该机型的入驻对日本国土安全防御难以发挥太大作用,更多只是一种凸显美日关系热乎的象征。

(方晓志,国防科技大学国际关系学院国际战略研究室副主任,海外网专栏作者)

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