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安倍“超长期政权”能否为所欲为

2017-11-01 21:05:56   新华网

新华社东京11月1日电 (国际观察)安倍“超长期政权”能否为所欲为

新华社记者王可佳

在日本众议院选举中获胜的自民党和公明党执政联盟1日召集特别国会,举行首相和众议院正副议长选举。现任首相安倍晋三再次当选日本首相。

分析人士指出,众议院选举后日本政坛“一强多弱”格局进一步强化,安倍很可能谋求“超长期执政”和加速推进修宪进程。但安倍政权内部仍存在一系列问题,安倍未来并不能为所欲为。

  继续执政,“独大”愈演愈烈

执政联盟1日召集为期39天的特别国会。安倍在当日众参两院举行的首相指名选举中再次当选为日本首相。按照惯例,安倍随后组建新内阁。

日本内阁官房长官菅义伟1日下午宣布,现任内阁成员将全部留任。日本媒体认为,由于距上次内阁改组间隔较短,安倍此次在组阁时选择继续任用原班人马。

分析人士指出,曾经的最大在野党民进党的解体和在野党势力的分化导致“反安倍”选票被分散,不仅令自民党在众议院选举中渔翁得利,也令日本政坛“一强多弱”的格局愈演愈烈。

选前,民进党陷入颓势,时任党首前原诚司决定将民进党并入东京都知事小池百合子领导的希望之党。前原的决定令民进党籍众议员一分为三:一部分人加入希望之党,一部分人离开民进党新组建了立宪民主党,另一部分人以无党派身份参选。

此后,执政联盟在选举中获得压倒性胜利。立宪民主党虽成为最大在野党,但所获议席数仅为55个,是几十年来日本国会最为弱势的最大在野党。而选前一度呼声很高的希望之党选情逆转,所获议席数尚不及选前。

据《朝日新闻》报道,民进党在众议院选举后尚有46名参议员和18名以无党派身份当选的众议员,确立了继续存在的方针。前原为选举失败引咎辞职,民进党籍参议员大塚耕平接任党首。以无党派身份当选众议员的民进党前党首冈田克也、前首相野田佳彦等人成立了“无党派之会”,开始摸索与立宪民主党及希望之党的合作路线。

不过,《朝日新闻》分析指出,立宪民主党目前对这一合作提议持消极态度,而希望之党则因选举失利党内矛盾逐渐激化,因此民进党分裂后产生的三股势力短期内尚难确立合作关系。

  转守为攻,却难为所欲为

此前,受森友、加计学园等一系列丑闻影响,安倍内阁支持率一度跌至30%以下。他因此在8月进行内阁改组及自民党内高层人事调整以挽回民意,并于9月选择在野党尚未做好选举准备的时机宣布解散众议院举行大选。

日本媒体指出,执政联盟在选举中获得大胜,特别是自民党单独获得众议院过半数议席,增强了安倍长期执政下去的自信。他将继续谋求在明年的自民党总裁选举中连任,并已经展现出加速推进修宪进程的姿态。

但分析人士认为,安倍看似春风得意,立场由守转攻,但这并不意味着他已完全解决其政权所面临的问题,也不意味着可以在修宪等问题上为所欲为。

首先,安倍领导的自民党与执政伙伴公明党的关系选后变得十分微妙。两党在修宪问题上原本就有分歧,而公明党内及其支持团体此前也曾因森友、加计学园等丑闻对自民党产生不满。此次选举中,相对于自民党的大胜,公明党遭遇惨败,议席数创2012年安倍再次执政以来最低纪录。

公明党代表山口那津男在选后多次强调修宪问题应与各大在野党达成共识,并表示要想得到国民理解也绝非易事。这被视为是对自民党的制衡。共同社分析认为,公明党已因议席减少与自民党产生芥蒂,两党在修宪问题上的态度分歧愈发明显。

其次,安倍内阁内部存在不稳定因素。一众阁僚频繁失言以及在国会答辩时颠三倒四是导致内阁支持率走低的原因之一,令安倍颇为头疼。因此,他在8月内阁改组时特意挑选了多名经验丰富的资深政客。然而事实证明,“精兵强将”也无法确保不给安倍“添堵”。副首相兼财务大臣麻生太郎在选后称自民党大胜“多亏朝鲜”,被各界痛批是“渲染、利用危机的言论”。

第三,一度危及安倍“独大”局面的森友、加计学园丑闻也远未收场。自民党计划提议削减在野党在国会的质询时间,以逃避在野党对丑闻的追究,但遭到在野党方面痛批。

日本法学馆宪法研究所所长伊藤真指出,安倍涉嫌为好友输送利益的加计学园问题现在对日本来说是一个非常重要的问题,政府想要让丑闻早早收场,但国民决不允许问题就这样落幕。他认为,加计学园问题还将继续发酵、愈演愈烈。

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