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外媒:美在东南亚影响弱化 东盟融进中国供应链

2017-10-27 09:15:56   中国网

原标题美国为何在东南亚影响弱化?美媒:影响力减退是主因  

美国外交学者网站10月25日刊登题为《美国如何在东南亚输给中国》的文章,作者为拉惹勒南国际研究院博士生詹姆斯·吉尔德。

文章称,下个月,美国总统特朗普将访问越南和菲律宾。尽管会议议程尚未明确,但特朗普很可能向美国在东南亚的盟友做出保证,并向中国展示美国在该地区军事和经济上同样站得很高很坚定。

文章称,不过,人们依然质疑特朗普政府对东南亚的承诺,以及它是否有应对该地区的全面计划。而另一方面,中国积极利用基础设施项目迎合东南亚,中国科技巨头迅速采取行动,充分利用未来十年东盟可以预期的数字经济大发展。

中国资助东盟基础设施建设

文章称,最显而易见的前线是中国的“一带一路”倡议,这一倡议于2013年提出,并一直稳步推进。去年,300亿美元中国投资和建设协议流向东盟成员国,泰国、印尼和越南等迅速发展的经济体对基础设施的需求迅速增长。东盟10国全都是亚洲基础设施投资银行的成员。

文章认为,特朗普政府在积极介入该地区方面越来越装聋作哑,拒绝达成有利的贸易和投资倡议,并减少在该地区的足迹。特朗普上任第一天就取消了《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》。特朗普政府最近的预算提案表明华盛顿领头人正在停止海外基础设施投资——向亚洲开发银行提供的资金减少了50%,政府目前与世界银行不和。这显示特朗普政府认为资助海外项目在经济或战略上没有太大益处,乐于把这片地盘让给中国。中国成功强化加深了在该地区的经济联系,并将加强影响力,与此同时美国影响力减退。这种情况不仅仅反映在发展援助和基础设施贷款上。

中国科技巨头更了解东南亚市场

文章称,中国科技巨头阿里巴巴公司和腾讯公司市场资本总额都超过4000亿美元,它们目前正在东南亚大肆收购。关键在于,这些公司似乎比硅谷的科技或风险投资公司更了解东南亚市场独特的挑战和机遇。这让它们比美国对手更快地垄断了本地区成长行业——例如运输、电子商务和数字货币转账服务。

文章称,优步公司在中国失利,在东南亚受到了当地叫车软件的围剿,例如刚刚收到腾讯12亿美元注资的印尼Go-jek公司。阿里巴巴公司以20多亿美元收购了当地电子商务巨头拉扎达公司,而亚马逊公司尚未开始起跑。腾讯和阿里巴巴都竞相收购尽可能多的无现金支付初创企业。这反映出中国知道新兴市场真正需要什么样的服务,以及如何利用技术提供这种服务并让其迅速发展壮大。

文章认为,中国企业从自身向发展中经济体提供服务的经历中获得经验,它们证明了自己能更好意识到并抓住本地区的机会。

东盟各国越来越多融合进中国供应链

文章称,已经有些迹象显示本地区国家意识到了美国力量的局限,并相应调整了战略考虑。毫不意外,老挝、缅甸和柬埔寨等国尤其乐于接受中国资金,越来越多融合进中国供应链,并在各种程度上成为中国在该地区战略利益的代理人。尽管泰国长期以来是美国亲密盟友,但统治该国的军政府也显示出了乐于接受中国友好姿态的迹象,特别是在资助大型基础设施项目方面。但是真正应该让华盛顿官员警惕的是,在美国长期忠实盟友菲律宾国内,民意发生了缓慢而稳定的变化,更接近中国,远离美国。

文章称,尽管发生了这些动态改变,美国依然自满得令人惊异。政府没有制定出任何应对东南亚的明确计划,它对该地区的承诺还常常引发质疑。

文章称,所有这一切都为中国利用美国政策缺失敞开了大门。(编译/魏晓慧)

资料图:9月13日,参观者在第14届中国—东盟博览会“一带一路”专题展区挑选来自尼泊尔的唐卡。新华社记者 陆波岸 摄

资料图:9月13日,参观者在第14届中国—东盟博览会“一带一路”专题展区挑选来自尼泊尔的唐卡。新华社记者 陆波岸 摄

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