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国际观察:大选获胜 安倍是否赢了民心

2017-10-23 18:40:55   

新华社东京10月23日电 (国际观察)大选获胜 安倍是否赢了民心

新华社记者王可佳 姜俏梅

日本媒体23日下午报道的最终计票结果显示,首相安倍晋三领导的自民党在22日举行的众议院选举中赢得过半数议席,自民党与公明党执政联盟获得的议席数超过众议院议席总数的三分之二。

分析人士认为,此次选举的结果并不完全反映民意,执政党获胜在很大程度上是因为在野党分裂分散了选票。安倍选后恐将加速推进其修宪企图,而在野党也将继续分化重组,日本未来政局充满不确定性。

  选举结果背离民意

据《朝日新闻》网站报道,在众议院全部465个议席中,自民党与公明党执政联盟共获得313个议席。

在野党方面,从原民进党分裂出的立宪民主党获得55个议席,已确定成为最大在野党。而选前一度呼声很高的希望之党仅获50个议席。此外,日本维新会获得11个议席,日本共产党获得12个议席,社民党仅获2个议席。另有22名无党派候选人当选。

尽管执政党大获全胜,但值得注意的是,安倍内阁的支持率却仍然低迷。日本广播协会(NHK)电视台最新民调显示,安倍内阁支持率仅为39%,再次低于不支持率。分析人士指出,自民党能够逆民意取胜,在很大程度上是坐收了在野党分裂的“渔翁之利”。

安倍9月25日表示将解散众议院举行大选后,曾领导地方政党在东京都议会选举中大胜自民党的东京都知事小池百合子成立希望之党迎战。随后,当时最大的在野党民进党领导层也决定加入希望之党。《产经新闻》报道称,如果在野党团结一致,自民党“无论如何也赢不了”。

然而小池却将民进党左翼议员“拒之门外”,导致民进党一分为三:一部分人加入希望之党,一部分人成立了立宪民主党,还有一部分人成了无党派人士。此前民进党与一些在野党讨论的“在野党共斗”也随着该党分裂不了了之。东京大学教授内山融认为,在野党的分裂和混乱导致了“反安倍”选票被分散。

同时,日本的选举制度也放大了自民党的胜利。日本众议院选举实行小选区和比例代表并行制,其中小选区议席占议席总数的近三分之二。所谓小选区,是指每个选区中只有1名候选人当选。这种制度被认为更容易产生大胜大负的选举结果,更有利于优势政党,因为优势政党的候选人更容易在选区中获得最高得票率,而这不仅意味着该候选人当选,更意味着选区内其他政党候选人全部落选。

据日媒报道,在比例代表投票中,希望之党和立宪民主党票数之和超过自民党。但与此形成对比的是,两党获得议席之和却远低于自民党,这正是小选区制的特性使然。

  选后政局何去何从

执政联盟在众议院选举中获得超过三分之二的席位,不仅安倍得以继续执政,更使安倍能够继续其修宪图谋。除执政联盟外,希望之党和日本维新会等保守政党也对修宪持积极态度,修宪势力继续在众参两院维持三分之二以上议席,满足发起修宪动议的条件。

事实上,因选情乐观,自民党内部在大选投票前就已再度展现出积极的修宪姿态。《朝日新闻》报道称,自民党或将在选后向国会提出该党的修宪草案。

不过,针对安倍提出的把有关自卫队的内容写进宪法第九条,执政联盟中的公明党一直持谨慎态度。而修宪势力内部也对具体如何修宪存在分歧。此外,持护宪立场的立宪民主党能够从在野党分裂的混乱中崛起,也反映出很多日本民众并不支持修宪。可以预见,安倍的修宪之路不会平坦。

除了修宪,选举结果也会影响安倍连任自民党总裁。此前,安倍因森友、加计学园等丑闻支持率大幅下跌,党内凝聚力下降。突然解散众议院,是安倍的一场政治赌博。如果选举获胜,他便有了执政“合法性”,但若结果不理想,他很可能被党内追责,从而无法在明年秋天的自民党总裁选举中连任。如今选举不仅胜了,而且是大胜,安倍赢得第三个总裁任期的机会又大了不少。不过,被视为党内“后安倍”时代有力接班人的石破茂等人也纷纷当选,他们或许会给安倍的连任计划制造一定的麻烦。

据日媒报道,执政联盟预计于11月1日在国会再次提名安倍为首相并组建新内阁,而安倍计划保留8月内阁改组后的全部阁僚。分析人士认为,这意味着安倍今后将继续推行他一贯的经济、外交政策。

日本富士通总研经济研究所首席研究员金坚敏认为,如果安倍不求改革只维持原有政策,日本经济及产业竞争力将会被逐步削弱。日本山口大学名誉教授纐缬厚指出,由于历史认识等原因,安倍政权下日本与邻国的关系将难以改善。

此外,在野党方面选后的走向也值得关注。民进党虽然在选举中解体,但其党首前原诚司在选后称,选举结果显示应重新考虑与希望之党的“合流”。而民进党籍的参议院议员和分裂出的无党派人士也在观望选举后的局势。分析人士认为,在野党分化重组还远未结束,日本未来政局充满不确定性。

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