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拉卡收复了,但新一轮博弈才刚开始

2017-10-22 08:25:55   

由库尔德武装主导的“叙利亚民主军”(简称“民主军”)近日正式宣布收复极端组织“伊斯兰国”(IS)大本营拉卡,同时呼吁国际社会帮助拉卡重建,并表示将尽快向拉卡“公民议会”移交权力。分析人士认为,鉴于IS力量并未彻底肃清,各方势力也着眼“后IS时代”的投子布局,拉卡或许不是终点,而是新一轮更激烈博弈的起点。

“猫鼠游戏”还没完

IS主力虽已溃败,但与IS残余势力的“猫鼠游戏”还没结束。

美国广播公司(ABC)称,解放拉卡之后,摆在眼前的仍将是与IS的持续苦战。在叙利亚东部和伊拉克西部,还残留了IS的最后一股势力。同时,IS分散在全球的分支及其构建的金融、招募、宣传网络也必须被铲除。

分析人士表示,IS将重新回到散兵游勇、乌合之众的叛乱组织形态,盘踞在伊拉克和叙利亚两国边界地区,并寻求利用叙伊两国尚未解决的社会分歧兴风作浪,而这一战略曾使IS 获得一定程度的民众支持。

目前,IS领导层、宣传机构和一批组织骨干已经南下逃往幼发拉底河河谷的中部地带,“这片位于叙利亚东部的区域将成为IS的最后据点”,反恐联军前最高指挥官斯蒂芬·汤森说。而该地区也被推测是IS首领巴格达迪受伤后的藏身处。位于叙利亚东部的代尔祖尔、马亚迪、阿布卡马尔等地区将成为后续主要“战场”。但是,即便肃清伊拉克和叙利亚的IS余部,追击全球范围的IS武装分子也是一大挑战。

IS势力已经广泛延伸到非洲、也门、菲律宾、阿富汗、利比亚、孟加拉国等地区和国家,IS或是建立附属分支,或是“收编”当地恐怖组织,在地区或全球不断制造恐怖袭击。此外,IS 善于蛊惑人心的煽动性宣传,包括在网上散布其激进的意识形态和宗教观念,从而鼓励个人发动“独狼式”袭击,更是防不胜防。

权力争夺战将打响

在“后IS时代”,对拉卡权力的争夺战将打响。这涉及到由谁来接管拉卡的问题。从理论上说,需要一个合法、公平的管理机构来接管拉卡,一方面需确保军事力量的存在,以稳定局势,防止IS卷土重来。另一方面,这一机构需获得当地民众的支持。

美方的设想是,由当地阿拉伯人组成的公民议会作为管理机构来接管拉卡。同时,议会将得到一支临时安全部队的支持。因此,半年前,拉卡“公民议会”在“民主军”的协调下成立,成员包括地方官员和部族领袖。

除了拉卡“公民议会”外,位于土耳其的叙利亚反对派所支持的“拉卡省议会”也表现出接管拉卡的意愿,而“拉卡省议会”与“公民议会”彼此对立。

第三支接管力量也可能是叙利亚巴沙尔政府。由于在战场上不断取得胜利,并得到俄罗斯的“加持”,巴沙尔政府地位稳固,已将大马士革、阿勒颇、霍姆斯、拉塔基亚等主要城市收入囊中。俄罗斯军方表示,巴沙尔的政府军已控制该国85%的地区。目前,巴沙尔政府正试图与俄罗斯、伊朗以及黎巴嫩真主党就战后的拉卡达成一项和解协议。据称,随着叙政府军控制的地盘日益扩大,或将为巴沙尔在未来的政治谈判中提供更多筹码。

ABC认为,就在IS去年7月丢失费卢杰之后,地区国家的领导人已经意识到IS岌岌可危,着手谋划“后IS时代”的政治棋局,各自认为需要巩固自身地盘,表现之一就是伊拉克库尔德自治区举行独立公投。分析人士指出,解放拉卡将进一步刺激各方逐鹿叙利亚,域外大国美俄、叙利亚政府与反对派武装、土耳其和伊朗及黎巴嫩真主党等地区国家和组织正在叙利亚争取自身的势力范围。(廖勤)

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