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吸引高水平外商投资,中国还有多大“胃口”?

2017-10-21 06:57:56   

中国的外商直接投资(FDI)规模在1000多亿美元左右,而美国的FDI规模可达3800亿美元,着眼未来,“我国吸引外资仍具备很大空间,”17日在京举行的一次高端研讨会上,国经中心首席研究员张燕生说。

对于如何优化营商环境、吸引高水平外商投资,由中国国际经济交流中心和新华社国家高端智库联合举办的这次研讨会上,与会专家从提高政策透明度、推进自贸区建设、高端服务业进一步开放以及利用外资的理论创新等方面,提出了不少建议和想法。与会者普遍认为,贯彻新的发展理念,建设升级版现代化经济体系,推动形成全面开放新格局,“中国开放的大门不会关闭,只会越开越大”。

  【提高政策透明度】

商务部研究院研究员张建平在研讨会上说,中国利用外资的空间非常大。塑造投资环境,吸引利用外资,有助于中国经济转型升级,也有助于推动新一轮改革开放。

张建平指出,按世界银行排名,中国目前的投资环境排在第78位。要想提升排名,需要做很多事,首先就是进一步提高政策法规透明度,这也是美国和欧洲商会对中国营商环境抱怨较多之处。

与会专家认为,在提高透明度、完善环境方面,负面清单是一个重要抓手。张建平指出,东盟的市场非常开放,多年前就已实行准入前国民待遇和负面清单等措施;对外经贸大学教授卢进勇也举例说,日本和越南以及日本和韩国签署的投资协定,负面清单只有十多项内容。

尽管中国的负面清单管理近年来经过不懈努力,取得长足进步,清单内容从过去的几百项缩减到60多项,但眼下还需要完成在2018年前多种负面清单合一的任务。张建平说,走到这一步“难度非常大”,但“对于塑造公平竞争的市场环境至关重要”。

卢进勇还建议,完善负面清单管理,需要转变“防范风险、管控外资”的思维意识,吸收“有输入,有输出,资本双向流动”等新理念。

  【推进自贸区建设】

在推进自贸区建设方面,张建平指出,目前中国的国家自贸试验区已扩展到11个省份,但他个人认为,这11个省份还不够,还有很多重要的沿海省份、沿长江经济带省份以及国际贸易频繁的沿边省份,尚未设立自贸试验区。

他认为,美国自上世纪八九十年代开始建设自由贸易区,如今其自贸区总数达199个,平均每个州有三四个。在这方面,中国“还任重道远”。

  【创新利用外资理论】

对外经贸大学教授卢进勇说,原有的利用外资“缺口”理论,即因储蓄、外汇、技术和税收等缺口需要利用外资的理论,已不太符合当前实际,因此,需要对利用外资理论做出创新。

他将新时期利用外资的理论依据归纳总结为:引进优质生产要素论;增加就业和国内生产总值(GDP)论;参与和嵌入全球价值链与产业链论;促进制度与技术创新论;以及相互投资论等。

  【高端服务放“鲶鱼”】

为吸引高水平外商投资,张燕生建议,仿照中国加入世贸组织的“引狼入室”做法,将知识密集型、技术密集型和人才密集型高端服务业作为未来改革重点。

张燕生说,外商来华企业现在的投资重点是技术服务、信息服务、专业服务和金融服务等高技术服务业,但研究数据显示,外商企业在这些行业的占比并不高。未来,应考虑在上述行业的市场准入和对外开放方面进行一定的有益探索,做到“与狼共舞”,以期用市场竞争压力来激发我们的新兴服务业、现代服务业和知识经济服务业等提升国际竞争力。(海洋)(新华社专特稿)

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