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“伊斯兰国”大本营被端 为何欧洲反倒慌了?

2017-10-20 19:07:55   

原标题:“伊斯兰国”大本营被端为何欧洲反倒慌了?  

打击极端组织“伊斯兰国”之战,正踩在关键节点上。

然而,就在“伊斯兰国”所谓“首都”被端、败走中东指日可待之际,欧洲情报机构却罕见发出警告:该组织的恐袭威胁明显加剧。

一名“叙利亚民主军”士兵10月18日行走在拉卡废墟中。新华社/路透

分析人士认为,这说明“伊斯兰国”蛊惑人心能力仍然存在、武装人员更可能化整为零将威胁扩展到其他地区。要肃清其全球影响,恐怕需要国际社会长期协作。

阴魂不散的巴格达迪

库尔德武装主导的“叙利亚民主军”17日宣布,完全收复“伊斯兰国”所谓的“首都”拉卡,并正对可能潜伏在城内的武装分子进行“最后清扫”。

“叙利亚民主军”10月18日在拉卡清理道路时引爆的地雷。新华社/路透   

“伊斯兰国”在叙境内的主要据点仅剩东部代尔祖尔省南部。

然而,在失守大本营的同时,“伊斯兰国”对西方目标发出威胁的能力似乎并未受到影响。

人们6月5日在伦敦悼念恐袭遇难者。新华社/法新

同样在17日,英国情报机构军情五处负责人安德鲁·帕克发表罕见的公开讲话称,“伊斯兰国”今年对英国构成的威胁明显加剧,英国面临有史以来最严重的恐怖威胁,新袭击的发生不可避免。

同样让人担忧的是“伊斯兰国”领导人巴格达迪的生死问题。

2014年7月5日的视频截图显示,据称是“伊斯兰国”头目巴格达迪的男子在伊拉克一座清真寺讲话。新华社/路透

尽管已数次传出他的死讯,但迄今为止美国军方无法确认其已经死亡。

“恐怖军团”潜回欧洲?

随着在伊拉克和叙利亚的重要据点接连失守、控制的产油区易手、武装人员被打散,一度猖獗的“伊斯兰国”已失去了昔日攻城略地的能力。

但这不意味着该组织的彻底败亡。

一名“叙利亚民主军”成员10月16日在拉卡一座建筑内监视周边区域。新华社/法新

虽然失去立足之地,但“伊斯兰国”仍可作为反叛武装存在,并利用互联网散播极端思想,制造“独狼式”的恐怖袭击者,让西方各国防不胜防。

欧洲安全与合作组织(欧安组织)上月底发布关于欧洲反恐形势最新报告说,“伊斯兰国”在叙利亚和伊拉克的“外国军团”中有1万多人来自欧安组织所属国家和地区。

其中,三分之一已经或即将返回欧洲,可能利用各国反恐力量在协调行动上的薄弱环节,在欧洲地区制造更多袭击。

打持久战!团结才有力量

反恐是持久战。

随着恐怖主义全球化、恐怖分子本土化、极端思想传播网络化,彻底肃清“伊斯兰国”的任务极为艰难,需要全球协力。

这其中,扰乱恐怖分子的招募与流动、切断恐怖主义融资渠道、遏制极端主义的宣传和通信,都不是一国一地所能完成的任务。

6月25日,伊拉克摩苏尔,孩子们在废墟上玩耍。新华社/美联

长期来看,国际社会更应致力于消除贫困、促进民生,解决发展问题,推进教育文化发展,促进不同文明的对话与交流,建立合作共赢的国际关系,才能铲除恐怖主义滋生的土壤。

“叙利亚民主军”士兵10月17日在拉卡。新华社/路透

恐怖主义威胁没有边界,国际社会在反恐领域也必须凝聚更多共识,搁置矛盾和利益纠葛,形成合力。

背景链接

“伊斯兰国”前身是伊拉克“统一与圣战组织”,名义上是“基地”组织在伊拉克的分支。2014年6月该组织宣布建立“伊斯兰国”,领导人为巴格达迪。

2014年7月5日的视频截图显示,据称是“伊斯兰国”头目巴格达迪的男子在伊拉克一座清真寺讲话。 新华社/美联

2015年8月,美国领导的打击“伊斯兰国”国际联盟开始对伊拉克和叙利亚境内目标发动空袭。

同年9月,俄罗斯开始对叙利亚数个恐怖组织实施空中打击。

俄罗斯国防部2016年8月18日提供的视频截图显示,俄罗斯战机在叙利亚境内投下炸弹。新华社/美联

今年7月,伊拉克政府军从“伊斯兰国”手中夺回摩苏尔,“伊斯兰国”在摩苏尔的统治被彻底推翻。

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