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联合国报告呼吁降低儿童死亡率

2017-10-20 15:32:55   

新华社日内瓦10月19日电(记者 刘曲)联合国多家机构19日发布报告说,虽然全球5岁以下儿童死亡人数已降至历史最低,但其中死亡新生儿占比上升。如果所有国家的儿童死亡率都能是高收入国家的平均水平,这一年龄段儿童死亡病例的87%就能够避免。

联合国儿童基金会、世界卫生组织、世界银行以及联合国经济和社会事务部人口司19日联合发布了《2017年儿童死亡率水平和趋势》报告。数据显示,2016年全球每天约有1.5万名5岁以下儿童死亡,其中包括7000名出生后28天内死亡的婴儿。

报告说,虽然全球5岁以下儿童死亡总人数从2000年的990万降至2016年的560万,达到历史低点,但其中死亡新生儿所占的比例从2000年的41%上升至2016年的46%。

肺炎和腹泻是导致全球5岁以下儿童死亡的最主要疾病,患这两种疾病死亡的5岁以下儿童分别占该年龄段死亡人数的16%和8%。另外,早产并发症、孕妇生产或婴儿出生并发症导致的死亡病例在2016年也占新生儿死亡病例的30%。此外,每年还有260万名死产婴儿,其中绝大多数可通过预防避免。

现有数据显示,大多数新生儿死亡病例发生在南亚和撒哈拉以南非洲地区,二者之和占总数的75%以上。有5个国家的新生儿死亡人数之和占到全球总数的一半,分别是印度(24%)、巴基斯坦(10%)、尼日利亚(9%)、刚果民主共和国(4%)和埃塞俄比亚(3%)。

报告指出,如果所有国家的儿童死亡率都能是高收入国家的平均水平,5岁以下儿童死亡病例的87%就能够避免。

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