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新华社悉尼10月15日电澳大利亚莫纳什大学日前发布新闻公告说,该校参与的一项研究发现一种对体液免疫机制至关重要的酶。医学界有望在此基础上,开发出治疗癌症及自体免疫疾病的新药物。
体液免疫即以B淋巴细胞产生抗体达到保护目的的免疫机制,是保护机体免受感染的重要途径之一。B淋巴细胞经过抗原刺激后,进行一系列增殖、分化,最终产生抗体。
莫纳什大学等机构研究人员发现,一种名为蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶1的酶对B淋巴细胞的激活和分化起到重要作用,这是产生抗体的必要条件。研究成果已发表在新一期英国《自然·通讯》杂志上。
外周血是除骨髓之外的血液。研究发现,人和小鼠的外周血B淋巴细胞经体外或体内激活后,这种酶的表达和活性也随之增加。成熟B淋巴细胞中这种酶基因的缺失尽管不会显著影响外周血B淋巴细胞的表达频率及表现型,但是B淋巴细胞对抗原的免疫反应能力会大幅减弱。基因缺失还导致B淋巴细胞新陈代谢失调,甚至细胞凋亡。
负责研究的莫纳什大学的戴维·塔林顿说:“此前已经知道这种酶调节多种分子和细胞功能,包括基因转录和翻译、细胞分裂凋亡、信号转导等,但此前从未有研究发现它是免疫反应的必要条件。”
塔林顿表示,这种酶或许可以用来抑制免疫反应,及时终止细胞的不当行为,如癌细胞的恶性增殖以及自体免疫疾病中淋巴细胞攻击自身抗原导致机体组织受损。
研究人员还将对这种酶展开进一步研究。
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