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选前“寂静日”能否寂静需拭目以待

2017-10-14 11:17:53   

10月13日,距离吉尔吉斯斯坦总统大选还有两天。由于是选前宣传的最后一天,各位候选人都不愿放弃最后的机会,因此11位候选人无论是登台演讲、会见选民,还是互联网造势,几乎都在这一天达到了顶峰。根据吉尔吉斯斯坦相关法律规定,随后的14日被定为“寂静日”。这一天,所有候选人必须停止一切宣传活动,因选前造势而热闹非常的吉国社会生活将在这一天回归平静。但是面对当前的政局,不少分析人士都对吉国选前的“寂静日”能否真的实现“寂静”持观望态度。

自1991年前苏联解体以来,吉尔吉斯斯坦短短26年的独立历史中已经经历了两次政变。科学家出身的首位总统阿卡耶夫于2005年因为政变被迫下野,流亡俄罗斯。五年后的2010年,当年推翻阿卡耶夫政权的时任总统巴基耶夫同样因为任人唯亲、家族贪腐、外交失策等诸多问题被赶下总统宝座,被迫出逃白俄罗斯。2010年的政变始发于4月,持续数月,最终成为当年夏天在吉国南方发生大规模民族冲突的导火索。在经过奥通巴耶娃领导下的临时政府短暂过渡执政后,临时政府第一副总理阿坦巴耶夫于2011年正式当选为吉国历史上第三位总统并执政至今。因此,如果此次总统大选能顺利进行,则将实现吉尔吉斯斯坦独立以来总统权力的首次和平移交。

不同于中亚地区其他国家的“强人政治”,吉尔吉斯斯坦宽松、活跃的社会政治氛围,使得这次总统选举的竞争变得异常激烈。宽松的社会环境为更多的候选人提供了机会的同时,却也为吉国的政局稳定性增添了更多的变数。

自9月选前宣传活动正式开始以来,吉国政坛不时传出的重磅新闻,不禁让人为此次大选捏一把汗。特别是围绕着本次大选的两个最大热门人选———总统所在的社会民主党的候选人热恩别科夫和大富商巴巴诺夫之间的竞争,更是随着选举日的临近而渐趋白热化。

9月30日晚,吉国家安全委员会逮捕了议员伊萨耶夫。伊萨耶夫被指控(一旦其政治盟友巴巴诺夫在总统选举中失败的话)准备暴力夺权,并为此招募了不少犯罪组织成员。

10月7日,年仅37岁的新晋副总理朱马卡德罗夫在清晨意外遭遇车祸身亡,尽管被警方正式确认为交通事故,但各种“阴谋论”一度甚嚣尘上。

10日,吉国安委再度发布消息称,国家安全委员会逮捕了一名名叫阿斯佩科夫的政客,此人同样涉嫌谋划在选举后破坏局势稳定、夺取政权。由于阿斯佩科夫并非总统候选人,因此外界推测其背后必有他人主使,但国安委的对外通稿中对此只是模糊地表示“某一政党”“个别公民”。

面对这一系列的不利消息,阿坦巴耶夫总统为了确保局势稳定,甚至取消了前往俄罗斯参加独联体国家领导人会议的行程,专门坐镇国内。

除了国内局势险象环生外,吉与邻国哈萨克斯坦的关系也因为此次选举而变得异常紧张。事件的起因是哈萨克斯坦总统纳扎尔巴耶夫于9月20日短暂会见了总统候选人巴巴诺夫,这引来吉国当局不满,吉外交部抗议哈方干涉吉国选举。哈方则回应称,哈总统也会平等接见其他候选人。但事件并未就此平息,10月7日阿坦巴耶夫总统再度指责哈方干涉吉总统选举进程,言辞之激烈为其执政六年来所罕见,两国关系因此变得异常紧张。

对于吉尔吉斯斯坦此次选举能否顺利进行,从而创造总统权力和平过渡的历史,外界也颇为关注。目前,大批外国记者和观察团也已陆续抵达吉尔吉斯斯坦。选前的“寂静日”中,局势能否真的平静如水,此次选举能否创造历史,尚需拭目以待。(高 寒)

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