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权势,让“潜规则”成了“成名前规则”?

2017-10-14 06:56:54   

美国纽约和英国伦敦警方12日分别宣布,将正式对好莱坞金牌制作人哈维·温斯坦涉嫌性侵立案侦查。

此前,温斯坦被媒体曝光在近30年时间内涉嫌性骚扰、性侵甚至强奸多名女性。温斯坦本人对所有指控坚决否认。

据英国广播公司报道,纽约警方正对2004年的一项指控展开调查,伦敦警方的调查则基于上世纪80年代一次指控。

这并非温斯坦第一次被警方盯上。据美国《纽约人》周刊10日报道,2015年,意大利女演员安布拉·巴蒂拉纳·古铁雷斯曾向纽约警方提出类似指控,然而,纽约检方此后称掌握的证据不足以定罪,调查无果而终。

此次警方再次调查温斯坦,会否将其送上法庭?

  【举证有难度】

美国联邦最高法院出庭律师张军12日接受新华社记者采访时介绍说,大部分性骚扰案是民事案件,如在职场中老板对员工的性骚扰,或老板对员工间性骚扰充耳不闻等,通常是以民事诉讼、即经济赔偿来解决。

张军说,这类案件一般法律有效期较短。从目前媒体曝光的指控来看,不少可能发生在多年前,这些指控即便成功立案,也可能遭遇法律有效期的问题。

除案件时效性外,张军指出,另一大问题是随着时间推移,不少客观证据和证人证词等可能会面临举证困难。即便检察官真的决定起诉,未来在法庭上,也需要陪审团克服合理怀疑、对证据证词取得百分百共识才能最终定罪。

张军说,这也是为何美国不少广为人知的性骚扰案最终流审的原因。

  【社会的觉醒】

张军介绍说,其实不仅在好莱坞,美国多个行业的职场性骚扰长期以来甚至被视为职场文化的一部分。

“像温斯坦这样特别有权势的好莱坞制片人,其实用老派的话来说,他们很多时候认为(性骚扰)是他们应该得到的工作‘福利’。”张军说。

不过,近年来美国社会正经历对职场性骚扰逐步觉醒的过程。“现在在好莱坞,关于这个事情的觉醒程度,坦率说是要比10年、20年甚至更长一段时间以前的觉醒程度要高得多了。”

张军指出,即便温斯坦的案件因法律的时效性不能提起诉讼、或诉讼流审,由于他的知名度以及好莱坞对美国文化的巨大影响力,这一事件未来可能对美国乃至其他国家的整体职场环境起到濯清风气的作用。

他说:“美国发生的这些性骚扰案件,对世界其他国家治理职场性骚扰现象,有一定的借鉴作用。”(海洋)(新华社专特稿)

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