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研究发现非洲狗能抗疟疾

2017-10-13 15:21:54   

新华社昆明10月13日电(记者 岳冉冉)历时三年的一项研究成果表明:非洲狗能有效抵抗疟疾,为治疗人类疟疾提供了新的思路。该成果近日发表在国际期刊《分子生物和进化》上。

据论文通讯作者、中科院昆明动物研究所副研究员王国栋介绍,狗长期与人类共同生活,经历了相似的进化。据统计,狗与人类共享360多种疾病,是研究人类疾病的良好模型。

“狗的扩散史及其对不同环境的适应性进化一直是学界热点。非洲紫外线强、高温,且疟疾流行,我们的研究是想了解狗迁移到非洲后如何适应当地的自然环境。”王国栋说。

在中科院昆明动物研究所张亚平院士的带领下,研究团队对收集到的非洲尼日利亚6个城市15个狗的样品和来自非洲不同国家的4只非洲金豺样品进行了全基因组测序。

“通过全基因组分析,我们发现ADGRE1基因在非洲狗中受到正选择,功能实验证明了该基因参与抵抗疟疾。”王国栋解释说,“有趣的是已有研究表明ADGRE1基因也与非洲人群抵抗疟疾有关,因此我们开展了深入的功能试验研究。我们将ADGRE1基因转入小鼠巨噬细胞,然后用疟原虫侵染,发现包含ADGRE1基因的巨噬细胞可以吞噬并杀灭更多的疟原虫。同时非洲犬特有的非同义突变(G655A)能够增强ADGRE1基因的功能。”

本研究首次揭示狗在伴随人类的过程中适应非洲炎热自然环境的遗传机制,为治疗人类疟疾提供了崭新思路。

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