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安倍突然解散议会 日本要产生史上首位女首相?

2017-09-28 21:42:51   

今天中午,日本首相安倍晋三宣布解散众议院,并于10月份提前举行大选。

日本现在的内阁,明明是8月才重组的。不到两个月,安倍就搞了这么个大事情,不得不说,真是有着缜密的考虑。

时机

今天可不是一个普通的日子,安倍选择在这一天解散众议院,可谓用心良苦。

原先,安倍的反对者们是要在今天召开临时国会,对安倍政府提出质询的,主要针对的,就是森友、加计学园等丑闻。在野党们决定抓住这个不放,甚至选战中予以追究。

这次被质疑的森友学园,其名誉校长是安倍的妻子。今年年初,森友学园被曝用不当方式取得土地;而加计学员是由安倍的朋友经营,最近被曝出利用安倍影响力谋取私利。这两个事件对安倍的支持率有很大的负面影响。今年7月,安倍又填新麻烦:日本防卫省被揭发隐瞒自卫队南苏丹维和部队活动日志。这一连连的打击,使得安倍内阁支持率一度跌至接近30%的危险水平,舆论更开始质疑安倍“一人独大”的情况能否持续。

不得己,安倍8月初改组内阁,换取支持率的部分回升。因此,在野党们一旦在今天召开的临时国会上重新对这些事情进行质询,很可能会再度影响支持率。所以安倍一定要在这个时间点之前解散众议院,让临时国会没有这个质询的机会,从而缓解党内压力。

当然这个时机,不得不说也是最近愈发紧张的半岛局势带来的。

朝鲜核问题一直被安倍政府利用并不断渲染,以增强恐慌换取民众对政府的依赖。而近期朝鲜一系列的核试验,特别是试射导弹多次飞越日本领空,进一步加重了这一点。安倍正好利用了这个时机,进一步渲染朝鲜核问题的潜在威胁,让其“鹰派”作风的他取得了更高的民众支持率。

根据9月份各大民调显示,随着内阁重组和朝核试验的进行,安倍内阁支持率显著回升,甚至已经达到了50%以上,所以从时间节点上来看,这个时候解散众议院、提前大选有利于安倍争取更多的选票。

其实,趁自己对执政党或内阁最为有利的时机而解散众议院,在日本历届首相们的惯用伎俩。比如,发生在2005年最著名的“邮政解散”,就是时任日本首相首相的小泉纯一郎发起的。当时小泉主张积极推进邮政民营化,但却遭到了自民党内部的抵制,小泉一怒之下宣布提前解散众议院。重新大选之后,支持小泉的自民党候选人大获全胜,邮政民营化法案顺利实施。实际上,在战后日本宪政史上,只有过一次是众议院四年任期期满而自行解散,其他大多数情况都是在任期未满的情况下由内阁总理大臣宣布而提前解散的。

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