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科学家探索脊椎动物基本构造5亿年未变之谜

2017-09-28 10:02:52   

新华社东京9月28日电(记者华义)5亿多年来,脊椎动物虽然进化出多种多样的物种形态,但基本构造却没什么变化。日本研究人员通过大规模基因数据分析发现,多效性基因很可能制约了脊椎动物进化的多样性。

日本理化学研究所和东京大学等机构最新发布的一份研究成果称,脊椎动物从5亿多年前出现以来,进化出大量物种,既有体长超过20米的蓝鲸,也有世界上个体最小的鸟——蜂鸟,以及我们人类。虽然进化呈现出多样性,但脊椎动物在基本解剖学特征上是共通的,脊椎动物大都由脊椎、耳、目、心脏、肝脏、生殖腺、肛门、尾部等组成,这表明进化的多样性并非完全变幻莫测。

研究人员以包括脊椎动物在内的8种脊索动物为对象,大规模分析比对了它们在胚胎发育过程中的基因信息,发现脊椎动物的大量基因属于多效性基因,在胚胎发育的基本构造期和其他过程中都发挥着作用,而且这些多效性基因制约了脊椎动物进化的多样性,脊椎动物的进化才呈现出基本构造的相似性。

研究小组认为这一研究将有助于加深对生物进化的理解。该研究成果已发表在英国《自然·生态学与进化》杂志网络版上。

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