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女议员比例超四成 从“瑞典现象”看欧洲性别平等

2017-09-28 08:07:52   

昨天,沙特宣布解禁女性驾车,引来国际媒体纷纷报道——世界上再也没有国家不允许女性开车了。两年前,某国外长曾就该问题公开批评沙特侵犯女性权利,最终导致两国交恶。这个国家是瑞典。瑞典和沙特被认为是分处女性权利光谱两端的国家,在世界经济论坛编纂的2016年《全球性别差距报告》中,144国,沙特排第141,而瑞典第4。瑞典是北欧乃至欧洲促进性别平等的代表。《环球时报》记者常驻瑞典,深切感受到性别平等理念在当地已深入其社会肌理,成为“上至庙堂、下至民间”的共识,传统的男女社会分工玻璃墙在这里似乎已不复存在。当然,也有人认为它的某些做法“过了头”。

育儿、参军、当国王,女人=男人

最近,一则关于筹备“无男性音乐节”的新闻在瑞典社会引发激辩。瑞典女演员尼卡蕾在社交网站上发布了一个“女性专属音乐节”筹备计划,希望在明年夏天举办一个拒绝男性参加的音乐节,以回应此前音乐节发生的女性遭遇性侵事件。但有批评者斥责尼卡蕾“激进”,对男性反向歧视。还有不少人抗议跨性别群体遭歧视。

这起事件体现了瑞典人在性别问题上的敏感。瑞典视性别平等为社会基石,瑞典人眼中的理想社会是:每个性别在生活的各个方面享有同等机会,拥有同等权利,承担同等义务。

这种平等的一个显例是,在瑞典的大街小巷,随处可见推着婴儿车的奶爸与荷枪实弹的女特警。“不,瑞典并非满大街的男同性恋保姆。他们是孩子的父亲”——美国《基督教科学箴言报》曾就瑞典奶爸遍地的现象做过报道,称一些外国游客往往被这样的场景搞得糊里糊涂,事实上这是瑞典推行性别平等以及放慷慨陪产假(90天)的产物。

在瑞典,不要想象男性会主动绅士地帮女生开门、提重物,因为他们不做是尊重,做了反而涉嫌歧视。《环球时报》记者初到瑞典时,一度将这种“尊重”误解为冷漠。去年冬天记者外出购买办公一体机,和一女性朋友费尽九牛二虎之力才把打印机挪到车边,一路上遇到不少男士,竟无一人提出帮忙。最后因实在无法将一体机塞进后备箱,记者求助路边一名男子,他欣然应允。记者后来明白,不因身为女性而以弱者自居,才谈得上适应瑞典社会,才是真正理解这里的平等理念。

瑞典军队也推崇性别平等。根据瑞典国防部今年3月提交的草案,瑞典计划于2018年恢复义务征兵。根据新规,年满18岁的公民,不论男女,必须参加征兵测试。当局解释称,当代征兵制度应保持中性,覆盖所有性别。

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