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为啥患病的是你?美研究“私人定制”精准医疗

2017-09-28 07:02:51   

为什么患病的是你而不是其他面临类似健康风险的人?为什么某种药物对你有效,对患相同疾病的其他人则会产生副作用?

为了解答上述问题,美国研究者准备招募上百万人,对他们的基因、环境与生活方式之间的相互作用进行研究,最终实现为个体“量身定制”疾病预防及治疗方法。

美联社25日报道,美国国家卫生研究院院长弗朗西斯·柯林斯博士说,目前的医疗“依靠的是通常的、一刀切的方法,因为这是我们掌握的最好的方法”。一项名为“我们所有人”的研究项目正在改变这一局面。它将推动“精准医疗”,即依照个性化特征进行疾病预防和治疗。

这个项目包括对基因的研究。比如,什么基因会提升罹患心脏病、2型糖尿病或多种癌症的风险?不过,影响这种风险的因素还包括:饮食、睡眠、运动、空气、年龄、性别、种族等。

“DNA检测几乎是最简单的部分,”柯林斯说,“难处在于如何将所有这些(因素)放在一起,以便某个个体对今后面临的疾病风险有更明确的意识,并且知道他们可以怎么做”。

研究人员希望,汇集上述所有信息形成的数据库将有助于他们发现疾病成因,最终开展更好的医疗工作。

“我们所有人”项目将持续至少10年。眼下它正在进行先期测试,仅面向受邀者。全美50多个试点已有2500多人完成注册及血样采集。如果顺利,美国国家卫生研究院计划明年春季让这项研究面向所有感兴趣的美国成年人。

志愿者需要进行包括体重、血压、心率等项目的体检,回答健康、生活背景及习惯方面的定期问卷,之后上交电子健康档案。他们将接受血样采集,如果同意,次年接受基因检测。最后,研究人员会要求志愿者佩戴诸如运动手环之类的健康跟踪设备。

参与先期测试的保罗·阿伯纳西希望,这项研究能揭示生活在同一地区不同族群的人平均期望寿命差异的原因。“我们将有机会真正影响历史,改变子孙后代的未来。”(陈丹)【新华社微特稿】

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