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新闻背景:2017年德国大选主要参选政党及其政策主张

2017-09-23 13:26:54   新华网

新华社柏林9月23日电 新闻背景:2017年德国大选主要参选政党及其政策主张

新华社记者袁帅 任珂

德国将于24日举行新一届联邦议院选举,来自42个政党和社会团体的候选人将角逐联邦议院至少598个议席。现将联盟党、社会民主党、自由民主党、左翼党、绿党和德国选择党6个主要政党的基本情况和政策主张介绍如下:

联盟党

联盟党是目前德国执政党之一,由基督教民主联盟(基民盟)和其活跃于巴伐利亚州的姊妹党基督教社会联盟(基社盟)组成。联盟党立场中间偏右,主要吸引城市地区及保守派和信仰基督教的选民。1949年以来,基民盟和基社盟在每届联邦议院选举中均结盟共同参选,并已多次执政。联盟党现与社会民主党联合执政。

本次联邦议院选举,联盟党对内政策主张包括保障经济增长与就业、通过增加警力和监控设备加强国内安保水平、为有孩子的家庭减负等。在欧洲议题上,支持建立欧洲防务联盟、表示愿为维护欧元区经济长期稳定作出努力、愿同各国在青年人就业等方面加强合作。在难民问题上,指出欧盟各成员国都需担起责任、欧盟需同相关国家签订遣返协议以防止人道主义危机等。

社会民主党(社民党)

社民党始建于1863年,由最初纯粹的工人阶级政党逐步发展成为代表职工利益的全民党。社民党立场中间偏左,支持者阵营主要集中在北威州等工业区,曾多次执政。现任主席是前欧洲议会议长马丁·舒尔茨。

社民党本次竞选纲领的核心词是“公正”,主张保障劳动者、受教育者及老年人等弱势群体的权益。在欧洲政策上,主张建立欧元区经济政府、欧洲防务联盟等。关于难民危机,主张欧盟各成员国共担压力,完善相关立法,着力从根源上解决危机。

自由民主党(自民党)

自民党成立于1948年,主张经济自由主义,党员多为企业主、高薪阶层和高级知识分子。自民党曾分别与联盟党和社民党联合执政。上届选举,该党支持率暴跌,失去进入联邦议院资格。

自民党本次竞选纲领融入较多数字化理念,包括发展数字化经济,用数字化手段建设教育系统、精简政府规模等。在移民和难民问题上,主张各方公平分担,完善立法,使移民流动更加合理。

左翼党

左翼党成立于2007年,由前身为民主社会主义党的左派党和从社民党左翼力量分裂出来的劳动与社会公平党合并组成,主张重新分配社会财富、停止私有化政策等。左翼党本次参选提出了提高最低工资、保障妇女就业等主张。在对外政策上主张裁军、禁止向战争地区出口武器。

绿党

绿党成立于1980年。1993年,绿党与民主德国民权运动团体联盟90合并,组成联盟90/绿党,合并后仍简称绿党。绿党倡导环保、和平主义。

本次参选,除一直以来主张的反核能和裁军,绿党还提出推动新能源交通、发展可持续农业等计划。在难民和移民问题上,重申愿提供帮助,同时强调这一群体要积极融入德国社会。

德国选择党

右翼民粹主义政党德国选择党成立于2013年初。在欧洲近年来爆发欧债危机和难民危机背景下,凭借反欧元、反对德国大规模接纳移民和难民等主张,该党迅速崛起,2013年首次参选时离进入联邦议院所需5%得票率的标准仅差0.3个百分点。

德国选择党此次参选的主要立场包括:德国应退出欧元区;欧盟应彻底改革,保护欧洲外部边界应是地区合作重点;立即停止无序的大规模移民,主张德国关闭边界、修改相关法律防止避难权被滥用、严格遣返不合格的避难申请者等。

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