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科普:毒蛙为啥毒不死自己

2017-09-22 13:42:35   新华网

新华社华盛顿9月21日电(记者  林小春)美国科学家21日说,他们可能找到了毒蛙体内毒素为何毒不死自己的原因,这项发现对研制新型止痛药物具有重要意义。

由美国得克萨斯大学奥斯汀校区领导的研究小组当天在新一期美国《科学》杂志上报告说,他们研究了一类能产生一种叫地棘蛙素的神经毒素的毒蛙。这种毒素与动物神经系统受体结合后,能导致血压升高、痉挛甚至死亡,是毒蛙防止被其他动物捕食的一种防御利器。

研究发现,毒蛙自身神经系统受体发生了微小基因突变,组成受体的2500个氨基酸中有3个发生改变,所以地棘蛙素不再对毒蛙自身的受体发生作用。换言之,毒蛙演化出了对自身毒素的抗性。

研究作者之一、得克萨斯大学奥斯汀校区博士后丽贝卡·塔温在一份声明中说:“具有毒性有利于生存,让动物拥有战胜捕食者的优势。”

塔温说:“为什么没有更多动物有毒呢?我们的工作显示,一大约束在于动物能否演化出对自身毒素的抗性。”

研究人员表示,地棘蛙素能用作强力不致瘾止痛剂,所以了解这种毒素与受体之间的作用,将有望帮助设计新型止痛剂或抗尼古丁成瘾药物。

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