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记者手记:航行在世界最北航道上——穿越“冰上丝绸之路”见闻

2017-09-22 11:07:43   新华网

新华社“天健”轮9月22日电 记者手记:航行在世界最北航道上——穿越“冰上丝绸之路”见闻

新华社记者刘诗平

当地时间21日清晨,中国货轮“天健”轮沿着挪威西海岸驶出北极圈,继续向丹麦埃斯比约港进发。“天健”轮是今年5艘航行北极东北航道的中国商船中最后一艘告别北极的货轮。

记者搭乘“天健”轮8月31日从连云港出发,9月11日穿越白令海峡,沿着北冰洋的边缘海航行,19日进入挪威海,直至告别北极圈。

北极东北航道是世界最北边的远洋航线,也是世界最新的远洋航线。这条航线的行船安全情况如何?来往的各国船只情况如何?沿途环境和气候、海况如何?

 海冰——比预期少

海冰的广泛存在,是这条航线与其他远洋航线最大的不同,也是影响货轮航行的最大安全隐患。

9月16日,“天健”轮通过维利基茨基海峡时,记者看到了大小不一的浮冰。其中,在海峡西口看见此行最大浮冰——一座露出水面约20米高的小冰山。

位于俄罗斯泰梅尔半岛和布尔什维克岛之间的维利基茨基海峡,连接拉普捷夫海与喀拉海,是北极东北航道上冰区面积最大的险难航段。8月22日至23日中国货轮“莲花松”轮通过这一航段时,曾由俄罗斯破冰船引航。当时,航线外缘有4成浮冰带。

9月份通过这一航段的另外4艘中国货轮,包括“天健”轮在内,均遇见大小不一的浮冰。不过,船员通过雷达和肉眼观察都很容易发现这些浮冰,瞭望和避让相对容易,因而这些货轮没有依靠破冰船,独立通过。

北极东北航道的通航时间目前集中在7月中旬至10月中旬,9月份是最佳安全航行时间。不过,每年海冰融化程度不同,且浮冰具有漂移的不确定性。2013年9月初,中国“永盛”轮首次通过维利基茨基海峡时,便遭遇大面积冰区,在俄罗斯破冰船引航下通过。

 货轮——几天难遇

让记者印象深刻的,除了海冰比预想的少,还有过往的国际商船之少。

9月12日,“天健”轮在楚科奇海遇到一艘开往厦门的荷兰商船,同一天又与中国另一艘商船、由欧洲开往日本港口的“天乐”轮相遇。此外,在东西伯利亚海等海域曾遇到几艘俄罗斯开往北极港口和远东港口的船舶。

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