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中国驻加拿大大使谈文化差异:与加拿大人打交道 应把握这三条

2017-09-22 07:07:39   新华网

新华网渥太华9月22日电(记者 李保东)面对加拿大媒体对中国日益关注,前不久新华网记者就全球合作治理中中国的话语权和国际地位关系,对中国驻加拿大大使卢沙野进行了专访。谈及两国的文化和意识形态差异,卢沙野认为,与加拿大人打交道应把握三条。以下为专访部分内容节选。

第一,要自信。既然有差异,那就说明我们不同。我们要正视这个不同,我跟你不一样,你跟我不一样。中国话讲,求同存异。首先正视双方的不同,然后再去沟通,寻求共识。要做到这一点,前提是自信,要敢于彰显自己的独特性。比如中国的改革开放,中国改革不是为了改得像西方国家,而是要改得更好,自己跟自己比更好,更适应经济社会发展,更具有国际竞争力,这是我们改革的目的。“四个自信”里文化自信非常重要,这是更深层的自信。要讲底蕴,文化自信是最深厚的底蕴,没有文化自信其他三个自信都谈不上。

第二,要真诚。我认为人和人的交流、国家和国家的交流,真诚是最重要的。虚头巴脑地谁愿意跟你打交道啊?一次就够了。你只有真诚才能交到真朋友,你讲的话人家才会听。所谓真诚,一是从心理上体现出真诚,我是真心实意地要跟你交流、做朋友。第二要说真话,你想到什么就说什么,真话就是符合实际的话。我跟加媒打交道、接受采访的一个基本原则,就是说真话,知道什么就告诉你什么,不知道就说不知道。这是最好的。说真话还有一点,就是脑子里要有一个意识:我要向加拿大人展示一个真实的中国。你现在看到加拿大媒体展示的不是真实的中国,那就要给它扭转,通过说真话来展示一个真实的中国,来扭转加拿大人对中国的偏见与不实。

第三,要理性。刚才说到西方人一个特点是比较讲逻辑,你就跟他讲逻辑。但有时候他也把逻辑用歪了,西方人对逻辑很内行,门儿清,用的时候能把中国人绕进去。比如他有几个手法——一是以偏概全,这实际上是逻辑上的一个谬误。他们介绍中国时以个别现象代表中国的全貌,把支流说成主流,或者把某个局部问题,比如经济问题,上升到政治问题,上升到制度层面。诸如此类,这就是以偏概全。二是偷换概念,同一个概念,你说的跟他说的,实际上意思不一样,但他就用他说的替换你的,用他的概念讲,你肯定说不过他。最突出的就是民主人权这类东西。西方就是先入为主,把民主人权概念贴上西方标签,然后说你中国这也不行,那也不行。这就是偷换概念。

首先给你设置一些话语陷阱。有一个著名的古希腊诡辩:“你已经不再打你的父亲了吗?”怎么回答?你怎么回答都是错的,怎么回答都处于道德下风。加拿大记者有时就用这种方法给我提问,我从不正面回答,就讲道理。因此要理性,要善于用理性去讲,体现强大的思辨能力,去阻击他的狡辩。没有思辨能力,压倒不了他,就被他的狡辩搞糊涂了。魔鬼定律里有一条,你如果说服不了对手就把他搞糊涂。这就是典型的西方人。所以要反其道而行之,我们中国人也有自己的战术,叫跳到外线作战,不上你的圈套,不中你的计。

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