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新华社北京9月19日电 一块指甲盖大小的贴片,贴在赘肉上就能减肥,不仅“贴哪减哪”,还能改善血糖水平。这听起来很像虚假广告,但其实是美国科学家研发的一项新技术,已经在动物实验中成功减掉了小鼠腹部的赘肉。
美国哥伦比亚大学医疗中心日前发布新闻公报说,这种贴片由该校与北卡罗来纳大学等机构合作研发,采用纳米技术实现局部给药,能促使特定部位的白色脂肪转变成棕色脂肪达到减肥目的,避免口服或注射药物带来的副作用。
人体脂肪组织分为白色和棕色两种,白色脂肪细胞负责储存能量,内部充满甘油三酯液滴;棕色脂肪细胞负责消耗能量,拥有大量线粒体,可将脂肪转化为热量。成年人体内棕色脂肪较少,但遇到寒冷时会有一部分白色脂肪棕色化,加快热量生产以保持体温。
医学界已在尝试用药物促使白色脂肪棕色化,以治疗肥胖症、遏制糖尿病。但现有给药方法均为口服或注射,会使全身组织都接触药物,导致胃部不适、体重增加或骨折等不良反应。这项发表在《美国化学学会·纳米》杂志上的新技术采用大量微小的纳米针头,可在无痛穿透皮肤后使药物逐渐释放到贴片下方的脂肪组织中,而不是让药物迅速扩散到全身。
研究人员分别试验了两种能使脂肪棕色化的药物,包括糖尿病药物罗格列酮和一种肾上腺素受体激动剂,将它们装在纳米粒子里,通过贴片释放到小鼠腹部,每3天换一贴,持续4周。结果发现,肥胖小鼠贴片部位的脂肪减少20%,空腹血糖水平明显改善;没有肥胖症的普通小鼠的耗氧量上升了20%,全身代谢活动增强。分析显示,贴片部位与棕色脂肪细胞相关的基因增多了。
不过,这种技术对人体脂肪的棕色化效果尚未得到验证,离临床应用还有距离。研究人员正在寻找促进脂肪棕色化、增强代谢的最佳药物,以期找到能够安全有效治疗肥胖症和糖尿病等代谢疾病的方法。
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