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瑞典强化与北约防务合作引争议

2017-09-16 07:51:48   新华网

瑞典9月11日开始举行23年来最大规模军演。本次代号“极光17”的军事演习将持续到本月29日结束。近2万名瑞典军人和1500名来自美国、挪威、芬兰、爱沙尼亚和法国等国的军人参加了军演。瑞典武装部队官网公布的信息显示,军演主要在东部的斯德哥尔摩地区、西海岸的哥德堡以及波罗的海上的哥特兰岛展开。

有当地评论认为,瑞典举行如此大规模军演意在针对俄罗斯。近年来,瑞典与俄罗斯在波罗的海区域摩擦频现,6月瑞典曾就俄军战机在波罗的海上空接近一架瑞典军用侦察机召见俄罗斯驻瑞典大使。

根据瑞典政府发布的声明,“极光17”军演旨在强化瑞典防卫能力以应对所在区域日益恶化的安全环境。瑞典国防大臣胡尔特奎斯特向媒体表示,瑞典举行“极光17”军演目的是威慑潜在敌人,提醒他们攻击瑞典可能面临的严重后果。瑞典军方希望通过“极光17”向国民和其他伙伴国家展现瑞典捍卫国家的决心。

瑞典不是北约成员国。此次“极光17”军事演习将耗资5.8亿瑞典克朗(约合7300万美元)。鉴于本次参与军演中的国家大部分是北约成员国,不少人质疑本次军演实质上为“北约的军演”。瑞典国内部分左翼组织与和平组织联合发起了“停止‘极光17’”运动,指出“极光17”将使瑞典和北约越走越近,只会增加有关国家的猜疑,从而使波罗的海地区安全环境进一步恶化。

对此,胡尔特奎斯特回应称,瑞典独立于任何军事联盟,“极光17”是瑞典本国的军演,而非来自北约的倡议。北约秘书长斯托尔滕贝格也对瑞典媒体说,瑞典与北约安全密切相关,合作军演对双方大有裨益,演习不是为了在波罗的海地区挑起冲突或“新冷战”。

此次军演还引发了瑞典是否应加入北约的争论。支持者认为瑞典需要北约保护,据民调显示瑞典支持“入约”者人数已经增加至1/5。是否加入北约将成为2018年瑞典大选的重要议题。

不久前,瑞典政府通过一项新的国防预算案,将在2018—2020年期间每年增加27亿瑞典克朗的国防预算,并保证“2015年度国防预算法案”的优先实施。此外,优先考虑进一步加强瑞典国防能力的相关举措还包括为2020年后进一步提高瑞典国防能力奠定基础。

有分析指出,不论“入约”前景如何,瑞典目前已由过去20年“以寻求国际合作为主导”的军事政策,转向地区安全优先的军事政策。瑞典不断增强军事活动,并与北约强化防务合作,此举引发俄罗斯等国的关切和担忧。记者 黄云迪

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