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英媒:援助柬埔寨,中国居功至伟!

2017-09-13 08:51:33   中国经济网

英国路透社9月11日报道,原题:在柬埔寨,中国的雄厚财力盖过美国的影响力 冷战时期,柬埔寨毁于超级大国竞争。如今,中国在该国的资金投入大大超过美国。美国与中国对柬埔寨的援助差异巨大。

中国对大项目的支持更大。而且中国的资金投在非常醒目的基础设施项目,不带政治改革的附带条件。美国的援助更多流向社会项目,美方试图在柬建立民主——这对柬埔寨政府是不受欢迎的干涉。柬政府发言人裴西潘说:“接受援助不等于听从他们的发号施令。我们不是他们的盟友。我们不是他们的奴隶。中国人总是支持我们的经济增长,从未干涉我们的决定。”

这种支持并不是单向的。中国靠柬埔寨在东南亚国家讨论南海声索等问题时提供支持。中国军队也在柬获得战略立足点。柬埔寨国外发展援助数据库的数字彰显中国已变得多么重要。2016年的7320亿美元双边援助中,中国占到近36%,接近美国的4倍。剩下的多数来自其他西方国家。

投资方面的差距更加明显。去年柬埔寨近30%的投资来自中国——这个比例超过柬埔寨人自己的投资,美国仅占3%多一点。与此同时,根据美国总统特朗普所提的援助削减法案,2018年起美方对柬埔寨的援助可能减少70%。

柬埔寨从美国和中国所获得的大相径庭。中国的项目包括道路、桥梁、灌溉系统、电力传输设施和大坝。美国的项目单子要长得多,但规模也小得多。美国的项目是在教育、医疗、环保领域,以及令柬政府不舒服的民主建设。

美国是一个比中国大很多的出口市场,特别是对柬埔寨的服装厂来说,但美国并未公开表示会用贸易作为民主改革的施压手段。不过,柬埔寨对外国援助的依赖度比以前大为降低。首相洪森周一演讲拒绝美国的干涉。然后,他表示要寻求中方援助柬埔寨的医疗卫生领域——迄今该领域主要是西方援助者。(作者马修·托斯特文等,陈俊安译)

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