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媒体:昂山素季宁得罪西方也不当“全民公敌”

2017-09-13 07:56:37   中国青年网

近日,位于缅甸西部的若开邦,因以“罗兴亚人”闻名于世的若开穆斯林族群与缅甸政府军及当地佛教民众之间的冲突愈演愈烈,造成上千人员伤亡,大量平民外逃,引发国际社会广泛关注。诺贝尔和平奖得主、缅甸执政党“民盟”领袖、国务资政昂山素季则被西方舆论批评其态度“近乎冷血”而备受关注。难道她的态度能够阻止这一切发生吗?如果换位思考一下,不难发现,昂山素季或许也有她的“难言之隐”。

若开冲突持续升级

“罗兴亚人”是指居住在缅甸西部若开邦的穆斯林。有关“罗兴亚人”的起源问题,学术界一直有不同的声音。接受较广的一种说法是,英国殖民者是罗兴亚问题形成的始作俑者。当年英国在统治缅甸后,从东印度地区招募大批劳工进入缅甸,从此他们世代生活于此,便是“罗兴亚人”。二战时期,“罗兴亚人”沦为英国维持对缅甸殖民主义统治的工具,与反殖民统治的若干地区的佛教徒结下冤仇。此后,缅甸政府认为罗兴亚人有分离主义倾向,因此从1962年起至今,缅甸政府一直将“罗兴亚人”视为“非法入境”的孟加拉人,称之为“宾格里”(意为“孟加拉族裔”)。他们无法享受正常的缅甸国民待遇,而且缅甸政府对他们的各方面活动也进行了严格限制。

在政府的高压政策下,几乎每年都有大量“罗兴亚人”选择逃离缅甸,前往孟加拉、印尼、马来西亚和泰国等邻国。但各邻国内部问题众多,尚且自顾不暇,本着“多一事不如少一事”的原则,也经常拒绝接受前来投靠的“罗兴亚人”。因此,关于运载“罗兴亚人”的船只无法靠岸,最终导致船倾人亡的报道也常见诸报端。

近年来,“罗兴亚人”与若开邦佛教徒之间的矛盾日益激烈,直到两周前冲突到达顶峰,迅速成为国际社会聚焦的一大热点。8月25日,若开邦约30处警察哨所和一处军事基地遭受武装分子袭击,多名军警及政府人员丧生。自称为“若开罗兴亚救世军”(ASRA)的“罗兴亚人”武装组织声称对此负责。缅甸政府军立刻展开“反恐行动”,对该组织进行清剿。战事不仅造成数千栋民舍遭毁,更是造成包括数百平民在内的1000多人死亡。而且,大量“罗兴亚人”为逃避战乱,纷纷越境逃往孟加拉。联合国难民署估计,至今已有近30万人逃入孟国境内。

另据CNN报道,“若开罗兴亚救世军”通过推特宣布,从10日起单方面停火一个月,并呼吁缅甸政府军暂停军事行动,以使人道主义救援组织得以安全运送物资,但此项呼吁并未得到缅甸政府任何回应。

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