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极端思想侵害法国青少年

2017-09-12 08:47:23   新华网

法国媒体日前公布的一项数据显示,截至今年上半年,法国有2200名未成年人出现在法国警方和其他公职人员标记的“预防恐怖主义性质激进化”人员名单上,占总数逾16%。法国恐怖主义研究专家及情报学家认为,受极端思想影响,法国青少年“激进化”人群近年来呈增长势头,这一问题不容忽视。

自2015年以来,法国多地发生多起恐怖袭击。与此同时,越来越多的青少年通过社交网络受到极端组织“伊斯兰国”激进思想影响。《费加罗报》数据显示,2016年前三季度增加的“激进化”青少年人数是2015年的1.21倍。法国伊佛普研究所数据显示,15岁以上的法国穆斯林中有28%被划分为“极端化倾向”人群。

近一年多以来,法国警方已挫败数起未成年人发动的未遂恐怖袭击。法国司法部去年9月宣布,青少年司法保护部门正在密切追踪约600名有“激进化”表现的青少年。法国预防犯罪和激进化部际委员会的数据显示,目前有约700名法籍未成年人在叙利亚参与“圣战”,他们重新回流到法国只是“时间问题”。

法国中学“激进化”日趋严重的现象还引发南法一名前中学校长贝尔纳·拉韦的警惕。他指出,如今法国南部学校的宗教化现象严重:越来越多学生佩戴头巾,宣传极端思想的小手册流行,斋月期间部分校规难以实施,甚至还有老师把教科书中不符合宗教教义的科学知识移除。“这些做法极大地冲击了法国‘世俗化’的原则,也与法国的价值观相悖。”

精神分析学家帕特里克·阿穆瓦耶尔表示,未成年人天性中有叛逆的一面,对于死亡和危险的认知不够成熟,容易做出危及生命的极端行为。“政治宗教激进化和身份认同的过程可以从9岁至10岁起步,一些教授甚至在小学四五年级就发现学生表现出与法国价值观背道而驰的迹象。在不同的家庭环境中,有些三四岁的女童就开始佩戴面纱。”她同时强调,“激进化”的年轻人并不比成年人威胁性小,“在付诸具体行动方面,危险性与年龄无关。”

不过,阿穆瓦耶尔也指出,由于未成年人较容易接受新的思想,对他们实施“去激进化”措施也相对有效。“给一个十几岁的青少年树立新的道理体系,比给30多岁的人群更加容易。”阿穆瓦耶尔指出。在司法部门和有关家庭的协调配合下,很多青少年能够成功走出极端化思维的阴影,逐渐认识到极端暴力行为没有实际意义。预防青少年“激进化”和再极端化,仍需要完善现有的国民教育体系。(记者 王远)

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