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“哈维”VS“艾尔玛”:究竟谁更“暴躁”?

2017-09-12 06:57:28   新华网

飓风“哈维”登陆美国得克萨斯州两周后,飓风“艾尔玛”10日登陆美国南部的佛罗里达州。目前,“艾尔玛”已导致佛州超过340万所住宅和商业场所断电,约650万人接到撤离令。

半个月内,大西洋连生两场超强飓风,不仅在加勒比地区和美国南部造成人员伤亡和财产损失,甚至对全球能源市场产生影响。从“体格”来看,“艾尔玛”的直径比“哈维”大一点;从强度和影响范围来看,“艾尔玛”比“哈维”更为“暴躁”。

“艾尔玛”是有气象记录以来大西洋上最强飓风,持续最大风速达每小时近300公里。连日来,“艾尔玛”重创多个加勒比海东北部海岛,圣马丁岛、波多黎各、安提瓜和巴布达等地区损失惨重。截至目前,至少24人丧生,数十人受伤,大量房屋被毁。多米尼加、海地、巴哈马等国纷纷采取措施紧急应对。

此前气象专家曾警告,“艾尔玛”将“锁定”佛州东岸迈阿密地区以及东部多个大西洋沿岸城市,但“艾尔玛”后来西移。气象学家解释,这一地区推动“艾尔玛”移动的多个天气系统“势均力敌”,形成“拉锯战”,最后“艾尔玛”“右拐”,以四级飓风强度在佛州西海岸登陆。

根据气象预报,“艾尔玛”将从南到北横扫佛州,随后将继续北上影响佐治亚州和南卡罗来纳州。目前,佐治亚州约5.4万人接到疏散令。虽然“艾尔玛”威力已经减弱,但随着飓风继续北上,伤亡人数和财产损失可能上升。

相比“艾尔玛”,四级飓风“哈维”在强度和影响范围上都略逊于前者,但由于移动速度慢,在造成的损失上“毫不逊色”。

8月25日“哈维”登陆美国得克萨斯州,包括美国第四大城市休斯敦在内的得州、路易斯安那州部分地区遭遇强降水引发的洪灾,迄今已造成60多人死亡,受灾人数超过600万。

美国国家气象局数据显示,“哈维”是美国大陆有记录以来带来降雨量最高的一次热带风暴,得州锡达河口的降水量达到1320毫米。受“哈维”影响,产油大州得克萨斯州的多家炼油厂关闭。截至8月底,美国炼油产能关停已超20%,纽约原油价格持续走低,汽油价格飙涨。

美国彭博新闻社估计,“哈维”引发的损失在350亿美元至1000亿美元(约合2277亿元人民币至6507亿元人民币)之间。根据研究灾害的美国恩基研究公司估算,“哈维”将进入美国飓风灾害损失前五名。(王逸君)(新华社专特稿)

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