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单身这件“小事”:单身也收税 自由价更高?

2017-09-12 06:57:23   新华网

“生命诚可贵,爱情价更高。若为自由故,二者皆可抛”,匈牙利诗人裴多菲曾如此表达他对自由的强烈向往。然而在现实生活中,单身人士享有的“自由”果真应用更高代价来换取吗?

  【泰国:战时征收“单身税”】

日前,一则日本要征收“单身税”的消息在网上流传。据记者了解,这则新闻有捕风捉影之嫌,只是一些育儿妈妈表达的个人想法。不过,另一个亚洲国家泰国倒是真的收过“单身税”。

第二次世界大战时,泰国政府曾颁令收取“单身税”。为应付生产发展和战争需要,泰国政府当时规定,25岁至45岁、没有成家或生育的泰国男子,且年收入在960泰铢(当时1美元约合20泰铢)以上的,须每年上缴“单身税”5泰铢。这条战时出台的特殊法令在二战结束后即被废除,而且法令中也列举了一些可免除税务的条件。

时过境迁,“单身税”在四年前引发泰国民众热议。2013年9月,一名泰国学者提出再次开征“单身税”的建议,却在泰国社会引发轩然大波。当时这名泰国兰实大学经济专业的学者建议,通过收取“单身税”来解决未来泰国进入老龄化社会所带来的劳动力紧缺问题。

这名学者表示,随着泰国经济发展迅速,很多青年人选择晚婚甚至不婚;而由于物价持续上涨,一些夫妇会选择少生或不生孩子,这一切都可能加剧社会老龄化。因此,政府应出台政策鼓励民众婚育,对于“不婚族”或“丁克”家庭,则应征收“惩罚性”税收。

尽管理由看似充分,但征收“单身税”的提议遭到泰国各界大力抨击,认为它违反了宪法规定的婚姻自由。

泰国总理府发言人随后澄清说,政府不会将收取“单身税”的提议制定为政策。泰国税务局发言人也表示,公平是征税的首要原则,税收数目与婚姻状况无关,因此不会在国税结构调整中考虑添加“单身税”。

  【韩国:“单身税”三年前被否】

与日本类似,2014年,韩国媒体也曾传出政府要征收“单身税”的消息,同样引发舆论哗然。有人指责韩国政府通过变相提高税率来给年轻人增加负担,这一风波最后不了了之。

据记者了解,目前韩国政府并没有出台“单身税”的意向。不过有统计显示,由于韩国政府对有子女家庭有减税和优惠政策,单身人士实际上是比有子女人士承担了更多税金。

但在一些韩国专家看来,单身人士承担的税负与日本、美国和法国等其他发达国家相比,还是要低不少。总体来说,韩国虽没有“单身税”,但这个国家的单身人士能享受的福利相对已婚人士而言,要少很多。

专家认为,征收“单身税”并不是减少单身的有效办法,政府应在住房补贴、收入补贴以及保险福利等方面加大投入力度,通过减轻组建家庭的成本,鼓励民众早日“脱单”。

此外,最新官方人口统计显示,未来韩国单身和空巢老人比例预计将从2015年的27.2%持续攀升,2019年将达到29.1%,2045年更将升至36.3%。有专家呼吁政府制定对策,考虑增加对这部分人士的税金补助。(汪瑾 姚琪琳)(新华社专特稿)

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