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日本科学家称特定条件可使水冰似棉花糖一般蓬松

2017-09-11 21:42:21   新华网

新华社北京9月11日电 日本科学家最近发表论文说,在负压和超低温条件下,水冰可能会像棉花糖一样,以蓬松轻盈的形式稳定存在,这类前所未知的“气凝胶冰”是已知密度最低的冰。

日本冈山理科大学对300多种可能的晶体结构进行分子动力学模拟,研究它们在负压条件下的性质,提出了气凝胶冰的设想。他们认为,在温度接近绝对零度的负压环境中,气凝胶冰是固态水最稳定的形式。相关论文发表在美国《化学物理杂志》上。

在不同温度和压力下,冰晶体里的水分子能以不同形式排列,地球上的普通冰有着六角形晶体结构。人们已在实验室中发现了17种冰结构,其中只有两种的密度低于普通冰。气凝胶冰如能制备出来,将成为冰的第18种形式,帮助理解极端条件下水分子的性质。

此前研究认为,如果水分子排列成沸石或气体水合物晶体那样的“笼架”结构,有可能形成稳定的冰。冈山大学研究人员模拟了219种沸石结构和84种气体水合物结构,并对沸石结构进行改造,使其变得更加疏松,设计出了气凝胶冰结构。

在气凝胶冰晶体里,水分子就像立柱一样,支撑起天花板与地板之间广阔的空间。模拟显示,密度约为液态水的一半时,气凝胶冰比任何沸石结构的冰都要稳定,进一步改造结构还能使密度更低。

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