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反恐战争十六年 硝烟四起灭火难

2017-09-11 18:07:22   新华网

新华社北京9月11日电(全球热点)反恐战争十六年 硝烟四起灭火难

新华社记者

11日是“9·11”袭击16周年纪念日,反恐战争也已打了16年。从阿富汗到伊拉克到叙利亚,再到欧洲多国,恐怖主义硝烟四起,但根除恐怖主义根源却遥遥无期。

这期间,恐怖主义威胁在不断演变,从“基地”组织在西方频频发动袭击,到极端组织“伊斯兰国”在中东攻城略地,再到“伊斯兰国”遭遇重创后武装分子回流西方,三个阶段的反恐面临不同挑战。在“后‘伊斯兰国’”时代,反恐应该怎么反?

  【新闻事实】

“伊斯兰国”2014年兴起,随后迅猛扩张,今年在伊拉克遭重创丢掉摩苏尔后,在叙利亚也节节溃败,已走上穷途末路。

9月9日,叙政府军在“伊斯兰国”最后的主要控制区代尔祖尔取得重大进展,打破后者对代尔祖尔市军用机场的长期包围。

由库尔德武装主导的“叙利亚民主军”则在美军支援下夺取被“伊斯兰国”称为“首都”的拉卡市一半区域。

在此之前的7月10日,伊拉克政府全面解放“伊斯兰国”在伊境内的大本营摩苏尔,标志着这一极端组织在伊拉克的全面瓦解。

  【深度分析】

“伊斯兰国”在叙利亚和伊拉克的溃败几成定局,但该组织失去实体形态的控制区,并不意味着其对世界的威胁变小,因为不少残余分子外逃或“回流”至欧洲,恐怖主义“外溢效应”明显,全球反恐可能步入“后‘伊斯兰国’”时代。

从2015年11月法国巴黎连环恐袭事件到今年8月西班牙巴塞罗那货车撞人事件,欧洲这几年恐袭不断。欧洲安全形势急剧恶化固然与其自身经济社会问题有密切关系,但不可否认与“伊斯兰国”加紧向欧洲渗透存在关联。

受影响的不仅是欧洲,印度尼西亚和马来西亚近期分别抓获了一些与“伊斯兰国”有关的恐怖嫌疑人。在摩苏尔和拉卡之战后,一些“伊斯兰国”成员可能会转移至其他国家,重新开辟“根据地”。

此外,“伊斯兰国”通过互联网对一些国家年轻人的蛊惑与煽动也不会随着其在战场上的失利而减弱。相反,“伊斯兰国”正越来越重视通过网络手段“培养”“独狼式”恐怖分子,这种情况更加难以防范。

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