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新技术有望带来计算机高速磁内存

2017-09-11 11:46:40   新华网

新华社日内瓦9月10日电(记者刘曲)磁存储是已被使用数十年的存储技术,但它的一个问题是速度较低。瑞士研究人员报告说,找到了极大提高磁存储速度的方法,有望让计算机在不久的将来用上高速的磁内存,从而大大减少计算机启动时间。

自从国际商用机器公司(IBM)于1956年推出第一个磁盘存储器以来,磁存储器因其长寿命和低成本的优势,一直被用来存储信息,比如作为计算机的硬盘。传统磁存储器通过带电线圈产生的磁场变化来改变存储介质的磁性,从而实现存储信息,但其速度跟不上越来越快的计算机处理器,难以用作对速度要求高的内存。

瑞士苏黎世联邦理工大学材料系教授彼得罗·甘巴尔代拉领导的团队在新一期英国《自然·纳米技术》杂志上发表报告说,利用被称为“自旋轨道转矩”的物理现象,可以不用通电线圈,仅用通电的特殊半导体薄膜材料就能改变存储介质的磁性,从而实现磁存储。

该团队用新方法改变了一个直径约500纳米的钴金属点的磁性,发现在给其附近的导线通电后,在不到1纳秒的时间内,钴金属点的磁性就发生了改变。并且钴金属点可如此反复经历上万亿次的磁性变化,说明它可成为高速且耐用的存储介质。与传统线圈方式的磁存储器相比,新方法不仅速度快,还不会因为线圈的电阻而消耗能量,能效更高。

研究人员说,这一新技术有望让计算机的内存用上磁存储器。目前许多计算机的内存采用电存储器,关机断电后内存中的信息就会被清空,因此重新开机时需要较长时间。而磁存储可以在断电后仍然保留数据,因此如果计算机用上磁内存,有望大大减少开机启动的时间。

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