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特稿:恐怖袭击何以成为欧洲的毒瘤

2017-09-10 10:21:39   新华网

新华社布鲁塞尔9月10日电 特稿:恐怖袭击何以成为欧洲的毒瘤

新华社记者翟伟 田栋栋

初到比利时首都布鲁塞尔的人对街头一幕印象深刻:无论机场还是车站,商厦广场或是旅游景点,荷枪实弹的军警随处可见。即使如此,布鲁塞尔今年已遭遇两次恐怖袭击。

长期以来,欧洲一直是安逸、平静的代名词。但近年来一波又一波的恐怖袭击彻底打破了这里的宁静,它像一颗毒瘤,无时无刻不在折磨着欧洲人的神经。

 恐怖袭击呈现新态势

今年以来,虽然欧洲各国不断加大反恐力度,欧洲地区的恐怖主义活动仍呈现高发态势。恐怖分子还有意挑选游客多、人群密集的场所发动袭击。初步统计数据显示,今年前8个月,欧洲地区已发生至少13起恐怖袭击,涉及法国、英国、德国、西班牙、比利时、瑞典、芬兰等多个国家,造成至少58人死亡、300多人受伤。

法国国家宪兵特勤队前负责人弗雷德里克·加卢瓦日前接受媒体采访时说,目前欧洲每4至6周就会发生一次袭击事件。“以至于相对平静一段时间后,人们就会预感有什么事情将要发生。”

如今的恐怖活动,既有“独狼式”恐袭,也有有组织行动。参与巴塞罗那恐袭、芬兰恐袭等的嫌疑人,没有案底,沉默寡言,平时与常人无异,更增加了警方的查缉难度。恐怖分子还利用社交网络进行串联,并使用日常生产生活工具作案,让防范难上加难。

此外,恐怖分子还越来越呈现出本土化趋势。多起欧洲恐怖袭击的参与者均是土生土长的移民后代。欧洲国家曾对受极端思想影响的人去中东等战乱地区参加恐怖组织睁一眼闭一眼。随着“伊斯兰国”等恐怖组织在中东国家遭到重创,这些人利用合法居民身份返回欧洲。欧洲刑警组织发布的最新数据显示,大约有5000名欧洲人涉嫌前往中东地区参加“圣战”,他们已成为欧洲警方的心腹大患。

欧洲陷入“越反越恐”的怪圈

法国哲学家鲁文·奥吉安曾说过,产生极端分子的土壤既与欧洲自身社会经济环境有关,也与国际形势密不可分。

首先,恐袭增加与欧洲国家的对外干预政策有关。为争夺资源和市场,欧洲国家一直试图在中东地区确立自己的势力范围。但欧洲国家的强势竞争和利己政策不仅没有解决该地区的经济发展问题,反而从外部导致阿拉伯世界工业化发展滞后,导致贫困和社会财富分配不均,为恐怖主义提供了温床。

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