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无法扩容 美唯一地下核废料场“内存”告急

2017-09-09 06:41:43   新华网

美国国会下属机构政府问责局说,全美唯一一座深埋型地下核废料处理场空间告急,短期内却无法扩容。

美联社8日报道,政府问责局在5日公布的报告中指出,位于新墨西哥州东南部城市卡尔斯巴德附近的“废物隔离试点工厂”在不到10年的时间里将达到存放空间饱和。但能源部官员认为,在这座地下核废料处理场运转受严重影响前,有足够时间设计和建造其他核废料存放点。

报告说:“能源部认为,有启动(扩容处理场空间)监管审批的必要,但预计要到2024年才做好有关准备。”

“废物隔离试点工厂”是美国第一座、也是唯一一座深型地下核废料处理场,主要用于永久处理国防核研究和核武器废料,包括被放射物钚污染的衣物、工具。

美联社2014公布的数据显示,这座处理场每周接收来自全国各地核实验室和核武基地的核废料17至19批,主要来源是位于新墨西哥州洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室以及位于爱达荷州、南卡罗来纳州、伊利诺伊州的一些国防核项目。

核废料在这里经过处理后,会被永久掩埋在处理场地下的盐床。

前不久,美国政府在处理34吨钚时出现成本上涨、时间拖延问题,国会参议院一个委员会于是要求政府问责局对这座核废料处理场进行审查。按照美联社的说法,政府眼下暂未决定如何解决“废物隔离试点工厂”的空间难题,但能源部已就急需扩容空间与政府问责局达成一致。

问责局审计人员说,清理这座地下核废料处理场的现有“存货”需要开辟两座新的处理场。此外,还需更多空间用以存放武器级钚材料。

能源部此前计划在南卡罗来纳州萨凡纳河地区建造一处钚转换设施,但建造成本已从2004年的14亿美元(约合91亿元人民币)飙升至如今的170亿美元(1102亿元人民币)。联邦政府已投入50亿美元(324亿元人民币)用于建设这处钚转换设施,但预计2048年才能完工。鉴于项目预算高企,美政府开始考虑稀释或掩埋钚材料等成本较低的处理手段,但迟迟没有敲定方案。

审计人员警告,如果没有长期计划,能源部将被迫延缓或暂停核废料的运输。(刘曦)【新华社微特稿】

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