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特朗普为解燃眉之急向民主党妥协

2017-09-08 08:51:46   新华网

美国总统特朗普6日与国会两院就政府举债上限及救灾援助达成一揽子协议,避免政府于9月底停摆。但令美国政界哗然的是,特朗普选择的是与民主党人妥协,这让其所在的共和党感到不满。

进入9月,总统和国会议员们都回到办公室,一场鏖战拉开大幕。分析人士称,在税改、政府举债上限、医疗改革等重大问题上,特朗普和国会两党均存在尖锐分歧。但历史级别的飓风“哈维”发生后,争取国会通过救灾紧急拨款成为白宫的当务之急。这也难怪特朗普要冒“勾结民主党”之大不韪,于6日招来两位死对头、参院民主党领袖舒默和众院民主党领袖佩洛希共商大计。

据美媒报道,当天的密会取得了双赢结果。特朗普不顾共和党人反对,直接和民主党达成短期提高债务上限协议:总统支持将美国政府举债上限延长至12月15日,而民主党人则同意在国会支持救灾拨款。民主党提供的声明显示,按照协议,美国政府可在12月15日前继续发行新债,用于政府开支以及为飓风灾民提供援助。美国政府也因此暂时避免了债务违约及政府关门风险。

不过该协议使得很多共和党议员感觉遭到背叛。众议长保罗·瑞恩就在几个小时前还批评民主党的这一短期提高债务上限的方案“极为荒谬”。很多共和党议员也不希望在无条件的情况下提高美国的债务上限。

就连特朗普内阁高层也反对这一方案。财政部长姆努钦此前致力于更长期的债务上限安排。一位共和党国会议员助理称,共和党领导人一直努力争取将提高举债上限措施延长18个月,之后又改为6个月。但佩洛希和舒默反对延长6个月,最终特朗普同意了民主党的提议。分析人士称,共和党之所以反对将债务上限问题短期化,是因为短期提高债务上限的方案将令民主党在即将进行的下一财年政府预算谈判中占据更加有利的位置。

不过,重量级的参议院多数党领袖麦康纳尔6日下午与特朗普及舒默见面并宣布支持该项协议,并表示将很快安排参议院表决。麦康纳尔称特朗普主张在危机面前避免政党分裂,团结一致解决问题,“我对这项决定也抱有信心。”

分析人士指,特朗普的政党色彩不浓,在债务上限等重大问题上的立场比较灵活,这是他能与民主党人达成妥协的原因之一。另一方面,特朗普几个月来与麦康纳尔和瑞恩这两位共和党国会领袖的关系十分糟糕,认为后者立场过于僵化。特朗普认为,若任国会共和党人一意孤行,势必将冲击其更多改革议程。不过特朗普此举也使其与国会共和党人的隔阂愈发深重,未来在税改和医改问题上,特朗普将肯定会尝到苦头。

此外,虽然特朗普这项出人意料的决策使白宫和国会暂时达成共识,缓解了迫在眉睫的预算和债务上限的危机,但接下来两党的立法之战恐将继续升级。除税改和医改等重量级立法之外,民主党人开始推进《梦想法案》。5日,特朗普宣布中止“童年抵美暂缓遣返”计划(也被称为“追梦人”计划),并要求国会于6个月内立法解决该问题。而舒默和佩洛希6日上午在联合记者会上称,共和党人控制的国共两院应当尽快将 《梦想法案》递交表决。

另一方面,特朗普和国会共和党人则反对单独通过该法案,而要求国会起草包括边境管控、国土安全甚至美墨边境筑墙在内的综合移民改革法案,而《梦想法案》 只作为其中一部分。舒默警告称,如果共和党9月底前未能将一份没有任何附加条件的 《梦想法案》 递交表决,民主党将在每一项立法中附上该法案内容,直到国会通过为止。(记者 张松)

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