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邦交正常化45周年 中日经贸有多大合作空间?

2017-09-07 07:01:57   新华网

今年是中日邦交正常化45周年。近日,长期研究中国经济的日本财务部财务综合政策研究所副所长、国税厅税务大学校长田中修参加“中日经济合作现状与展望”研讨会,建议中日经贸应加快推进在十大领域的合作。

这十大领域包括:资源、能源和环境合作;生产效率提高带来的高成本社会的应对;传染病的应对,医药品的共同开发;老龄化社会、人口减少社会的应对;政策性金融机构的设立;住宅政策;财政改革;产业结构调整;国际金融领域合作;防范金融风险等。

【携手应对高龄化社会】

田中修指出,高龄化问题是东亚共同面对的重要课题。日本学术界2011年4月曾发布报告,围绕高龄化问题从民众、地方政府和国家三个层面进行了提示。报告在这三大项下设了19个领域、34个中级项目,以及185个子课题。

他说,这些囊括医学、生物学和心理学多个方面的课题,需要专家学者和专业人员的集中参与。“可以的话,我们非常愿意和中国联手进行共同研究,然后再把共同研究成果一起反馈给东亚社会。”田中修说。

【政策性金融机构】

田中修说,眼下中国需要成立政策性金融机构,解决中小微企业资金筹措难题。

他指出,日本在经济高速增长初期就非常重视中小企业金融问题。1949年成立的日本国民金融公库和1953年设立的日本中小企业金融公库,都是专门应对中小企业资金需求的政策性金融机构。

田中修说,仅靠纯粹的民间资本银行来满足中小企业金融需求,恐怕非常困难。为弥补不足,设立专门面向这一领域的政策性金融机构非常必要。他说:“日本在这一领域拥有足够经验。我认为日中应通过金融合作来推动中小企业资金筹措难题尽快解决。”

【产业结构调整】

田中修说,中国推动供给侧结构性改革的重要任务之一是削减过剩产能,淘汰僵尸企业。上世纪70年代初至90年代中期,尤其是1979年第二次石油危机之后,日本经历过非常严峻的结构调整期。

为此,日本通商产业省在1983年制定了《改善特定产业结构临时措施法》,把产业调整所必需的电炉、铝、化纤、化肥、合金、纸质和石化指定为特定产业,要求它们尽快进行设备处理;在1987年制定了《产业结构圆滑调整临时措施法》,对特定事业者以及特定地区的结构转换提供补助;在1995年,还制定了《关于特定行业人员圆滑推动行业创新的临时措施法》,对单一企业的经营创新给予金融支持。

田中修说,上述政策有成功有失败,但日本过去的这些经验教训,值得中国借鉴。

他还指出,中国在房地产库存处理、房地产市场健全发展,以及去杠杆等诸多问题上,都可参考日本经济泡沫破灭后的经验。

田中修最后说,中国经济的可持续健全发展,对日本来说是巨大商机,对东亚的稳定发展也极有助益。(完)(新华社专特稿)

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