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新型辐射冷却技术可不消耗电力

2017-09-06 17:25:40   新华网

新华社旧金山9月5日电(记者马丹)美国斯坦福大学研究人员最近在英国《自然·能源》杂志上报告说,他们利用辐射冷却技术让流动水降温,而这个过程不消耗电力。这一技术未来可应用于建筑物的空调冷却系统,有助提高制冷效率和省电。

辐射冷却是指各种物体通过辐射散发自身热能的自然现象。但如果有阳光,阳光使物体升温的程度通常会超过物体辐射冷却的程度。

斯坦福大学教授范汕洄领导的团队多年来致力于辐射冷却技术的研究,曾在2014年研发出一种由7层不同材料组成的薄膜。把这种薄膜置于建筑物屋顶,能让建筑物内部的热辐射红外光散发出去,同时还能反射外部太阳光,可在不用电情况下使屋顶温度低于周围环境5摄氏度。

范汕洄对新华社记者说,最新研究将这一技术与空调制冷系统结合起来。研究人员用一种能同时反射太阳光和辐射红外光的多层结构聚合物制成平板。这种平板边长约2英尺(约合61厘米),在实验中一次用4块。研究人员将平板放置在建筑物顶部的自来水管上,测试管道中水流的温度变化,发现在水流速度较快情况下,仅用辐射冷却板就使水温连续三天低于周围气温3至5摄氏度。

范汕洄说,如果把经过这种技术冷却的循环水接入水冷空调系统,可大大提升空调系统的节能效率。

研究人员将辐射冷却板置于拉斯维加斯一栋二层办公楼的楼顶进行模拟实验,结合当地干燥、炎热的气象数据,测算辐射冷却板对办公楼空调制冷系统的影响。结果显示,在夏季这种技术可让办公楼空调系统节电21%。模拟实验期间每天节电在18%至50%之间。

研究人员说,他们将继续探索如何把辐射冷却技术整合到传统的空调和制冷系统中,提高建筑物空调系统的效率。这对于数据中心等耗电大户的节能特别有意义。

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