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肯尼亚重新大选 看两大候选人家族政治角力

2017-09-06 06:45:43   新华网

肯尼亚定于10月17日重新举行总统选举。这次大选不再接受新的总统候选人提名,新总统将从朱比利党总统候选人、现任总统乌胡鲁·肯雅塔和反对派“国家超级联盟”领导人拉伊拉·奥廷加两人中产生。

肯雅塔、奥廷加是肯尼亚最重要的两大政治世家。两大家族的命运浮沉与肯尼亚近现代历史牢牢绑在一起。看懂这两个家族,就看懂了肯尼亚政治。

【曾经的战友】

肯雅塔家族来自肯尼亚第一大部族——基库尤族。基库尤族主要分布在气候凉爽的肯尼亚中部,殖民者尤其青睐这种气候。因祖地遭到侵占,基库尤族成为反抗殖民统治的主要力量。

奥廷加家族来自肯尼亚另一大部族——卢奥族。这个部族主要分布在气候炎热的肯尼亚西部地区,受殖民影响较小。

此次大选两名候选人的父辈、乔莫·肯雅塔和贾拉莫吉·奥金加·奥廷加是肯尼亚获得独立的主要元勋。老肯雅塔和老奥廷加曾是亲密战友,在老肯雅塔因反抗英国殖民统治入狱时,老奥廷加在外积极奔走,为释放老肯雅塔出过不少力。

1964年,肯尼亚宣布独立。老肯雅塔顺理成章成为总统,老奥廷加出任副总统。由此,两大家族对肯尼亚的历史进程产生深远影响,基库尤族和卢奥族也成为影响国家政治的主导力量。

【日后的政敌】

国家独立极大促进了肯尼亚民族经济发展。独立后,大批殖民者离开肯尼亚,基库尤族人以此为契机从殖民者手中购买大量庄园、农场等产业,成为富足的商人、企业主、农场主。

经济红利更多地惠及了基库尤族人,而政治权力的分配也没有实现皆大欢喜。1966年,在肯尼亚建国仅2年后,老奥廷加辞去副总统职务。当时二人在政见上出现很大分歧,老奥廷加主张在冷战中站在苏联一方,而肯雅塔却旗帜鲜明地支持西方阵营。

辞职后,老奥廷加宣称要清除肯尼亚陈腐政治,旗帜鲜明地与肯雅塔政府对抗。这也使他在此后很长一个时期内,遭受审判、监禁、软禁,被禁止参加集会以及组建政党等限制。

【下一辈对决】

在1978年老肯雅塔去世后,老肯雅塔一派在很长一段时间里掌握着肯尼亚政权,直到2003年当时的肯尼亚最大反对党集团全国彩虹同盟候选人姆瓦伊·齐贝吉击败丹尼尔·阿拉普·莫伊,当选总统。

2007年,老肯雅塔之子乌胡鲁·肯雅塔与齐贝吉争夺总统之位。小奥廷加作为军师,为齐贝吉获得连任立下赫赫战功,也因此得到总理之位。两人的第一次对决,小奥廷加小胜。

第二次对决发生在2013年。这一次,小奥廷加亲自上阵,与小肯雅塔争夺总统宝座。最终小肯雅塔以微弱优势取胜。小奥廷加则成为反对派领袖。

2017年总统大选8月8日开启。这是小奥廷加与小肯雅塔的第三次对决。根据肯尼亚独立选举和边界委员会8月11日公布的选举计票结果,肯雅塔以约54.27%的得票率赢得连任。奥廷加拒绝接受这一选举结果,就此向肯最高法院提起上诉。9月1日,肯最高法院裁定总统选举结果无效。

10月17日,两人将进行第四次对决。不过可以肯定的是,无论结果如何,肯雅塔家族与奥廷加家族的政治角力仍将继续。(朱天骄 卢朵宝)(新华社专特稿)

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