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科普:去非洲旅行要警惕哪些“怪病”

2017-09-03 10:05:56   新华网

新华社北京9月3日电(记者李雯)在刚刚过去的8月,中国医学专家接连确诊两名从非洲回国的昏睡病患者。随着赴非洲工作、旅游的中国人日渐增多,防范一些国内罕见的热带病已成为当务之急。

中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所所长周晓农日前在接受新华社记者采访时说,去非洲旅行前,人们应咨询各地出入境检疫局等机构,了解热带病防治知识,在当地需加强个人防护,回国后出现不适要及时就医。有关部门也要加强诊断、治疗技术储备,全面提升热带病研究、防控和应急处理能力。

首例输入性罗得西亚锥虫病

非洲人类锥虫病又称昏睡病,是由采采蝇传播的寄生虫病。这种病由两种锥虫引起,分别为冈比亚锥虫和罗得西亚锥虫。中国2014年确诊的首例输入性非洲锥虫病病例属于冈比亚锥虫病。

今年8月14日,中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所接到首例输入性罗得西亚锥虫病确诊病例报告,这也是中国第二例输入性非洲锥虫病病例。患者于7月22日至8月6日前往肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚等地旅游,在坦桑尼亚的一个国家公园被蝇叮咬,回国后出现高热、头晕、乏力等症状,经世界卫生组织提供的药物苏拉明钠治疗后,目前已经出院。

周晓农告诉记者,该所8月30日接到第三例输入性非洲锥虫病病例报告,经鉴定属冈比亚锥虫。患者系在加蓬务工期间感染,9月2日开始使用世卫组织提供的药物硝呋替莫和依氟鸟氨酸治疗,目前病情平稳,但仍处于昏睡状态。

 去非洲要警惕哪些“怪病”

据介绍,非洲横跨赤道,气候炎热,蚊虫孳生,传染病多发。去非洲旅行,人们有可能感染疟疾、丝虫病、利什曼原虫病、血吸虫病、巴贝虫病、蝇蛆病、蜱瘫痪等中国比较罕见的热带病,而且这些“怪病”极易被误诊。

丝虫病由蚊虫传播,包括淋巴丝虫病、皮肤丝虫病和内脏丝虫病。淋巴丝虫病早期可出现发热、皮肤炎症,后期可出现像大象腿般的肢体象皮肿。皮肤丝虫病可出现皮肤炎症,特别是盘尾丝虫寄生于眼部会引起视力障碍甚至失明,又称河盲症。内脏丝虫病病情较轻,可能出现胸痛或皮疹等症状。

利什曼原虫病是由一种名为白蛉的昆虫叮咬传播的疾病,包括内脏利什曼病和皮肤利什曼病。内脏利什曼病又称黑热病,临床主要表现为长期发热、脾肿大、贫血等。皮肤利什曼病主要表现为病变部位的皮肤结节溃疡,奇痒难忍,搔抓后会继发感染。全球每年新发病例130万,死亡人数为2至3万。

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