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美国耶鲁大学的一项研究显示,气候变化引起的气温上升可能是美国交通事故死亡率上升的原因之一,因为气温升高,人均行车里程增加,而且道路上人更多,从而事故更多。
美国的交通事故死亡率2015年一反之前连续35年下降趋势,增加7%。道路安全专家最初认为是智能手机使用增多的原因。结果,统计数字显示,手机使用与2014年相比没有变化。专家们转而研究天气,找到了答案。美国健康生活新闻网8月31日援引研究牵头人莱昂·罗伯逊的话报道:“显而易见,交通事故死亡率中多数与温度上升有关。很简单,天气变暖,人们会更多地出门上路。”
研究人员发现,气温每上升1度,人均年度行车里程数增加大约60英里(96.6公里),降水量每增加1英寸(2.5厘米),人均一年多行驶66英里(104.6公里)左右。气温较高和降水量较多的地区,交通事故死亡率较高。此外,高速公路限速上限较高的地区,交通事故死亡率也比较高。
罗伯逊说,气温较高,驾驶里程增加并非交通事故死亡率增加的唯一原因。气温较高也意味着更多行人走上街头,更多人骑自行车和摩托车出行,引起致命性交通事故发生的可能性增加。
研究结果刊载于8月31日出版的英国《伤害预防》杂志网络版。
美国州长公路安全协会发言人说:“我们推测,相较天气,经济是(交通事故死亡率增加)更大的因素,但天气显然起着一定作用。”(黄敏)【新华社微特稿】
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