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问题一箩筐 飓风“哈维”暴露美化工业短板

2017-09-03 06:55:55   新华网

美国得克萨斯州休斯敦地区是美国化工业重镇,这里分布着230多家化工厂、33座炼油厂和绵延数百公里的运输管道。飓风“哈维”来袭后,人们担心这些工厂发生危险化学品泄漏事件,造成严重环境污染。

这一担心得到印证,一家化工厂8月30日发生爆炸,而且面临再次爆炸的风险。其他工厂也有化学品泄漏、油罐漏油、管道泄漏的报告。业内人士说,“哈维”暴露了得州化工业安全生产和应灾能力的短板,也暴露了监管部门的漏洞。

  【多米诺骨牌】

发生爆炸的化工厂是阿科玛公司设在得州克罗斯比的一家分厂,距离休斯敦市区40公里。这家工厂主要生产可用于医药、建筑等产业的各种过氧化物。该厂被洪水淹后,备用发电机停止工作,供电中断,一些需要冷藏的化学物温度升高,发生分解反应,继而冒烟着火,引发爆炸。

阿科玛公司8月31日说,工厂可能再次爆炸。工厂周边2.4公里半径范围的居民已经全部疏散,没有人员受伤,是否造成环境污染暂不确定。

由于“哈维”刚刚过境,不少工厂的灾情不明。美国环境保护局正在与得州环保部门合作,查点这些化工厂的情况。得州环境质量委员会发言人安德烈娅·莫罗称,目前暂未收到其他“值得担心”的报告。

不过根据美联社报道,“哈维”登陆的前后11天里,多家炼油厂和化工厂存在至少20多次空气污染物排放超标。一个储存原油的油罐倾倒泄漏,一条运输危险化学品的管道发生泄漏,至少一家炼油厂发生石油泄漏。

美国化学安全与危险调查局前调查员比尔·霍伊尔说:“事情还没完。显然这些工厂采取的行动和预防措施不足。阿科玛公司事件解决后,这一地区还有更多的多米诺骨牌会倒下。”

  【监管漏洞】

美国墨西哥湾坐落着大片化工业区,这里飓风多发,尤其是2005年飓风“卡特里娜”来袭后,这些工厂的安全生产和应灾能力按道理讲应该有所改善。

不过,按照美联社说法,由于联邦监管条例自1992年就没更新过,这些工厂改善安全生产和应灾能力纯粹出于自愿,没有法律约束。

加利福尼亚州劳资关系部前官员迈克尔·威尔逊介绍,2013年得州韦斯特一家化肥厂爆炸导致15人死亡后,联邦政府才开始重视此事,奥巴马卸任前确实出台了一套更为严格的安全生产法规,但特朗普上台后宣布暂缓实行这些法规。

威尔逊说,许多化工业企业利用这一监管漏洞,不愿掏钱升级应灾设施和技术。

美国化学安全与危险调查局局长瓦妮莎·萨瑟兰警告说,随着极端天气发生频率增高,类似阿科玛公司工厂爆炸事件将会更为普遍,堵住监管漏洞势在必行。(王宏彬)(新华社专特稿)

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